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CasselFs
Universal Portrait Gallery,

Digitized by the Internet Archive

in 2007 with funding from

IVIicrosoft Corporation

http://www.archive.org/details/cassellsuniversaOOIondiala

CASSELL'S

Uniyeesal Poetkait
Galleey

A COLLECTION OF PORTRAITS OF

Celebrities, lEnolieb anb foreian

WITH FACSIMILE AUTOGRAPHS

CASSELL AND COMPANY, Limited

LONDON, PARIS 4' MELBOURNE

1895

ALL BIQHTS BEBEBVEO

PKEFACE.

The object of the "Universal Portrait Gallery" is to furnish
a Collection of Portraits of celebrities of both sexes and of
many lands, together with fac-similes of their autographs
and brief sketches of their careers. While the work has
been passing through the press several changes of status,
duly recognised in the Alphabetical List of Contents, have
taken place. Mr. Arthur Peel has resigned the Speakership
of the House of Commons, and now sits in " another place "
as Viscount Peel; General Lord Roberts has been promoted
to the rank of Field-Marshal ; the Hon. Cecil Rhodes has
been sworn of the Privy Council; and Mr. Henry Irving,
Mr. Lewis Morris, and Mr. Walter Besant have received the
honour of knighthood. As this sheet goes to the printer the
Earl of Rosebery has resigned the Premiership, and has
been followed into Opposition by the Earl of Kimberley,
the Marquis of Ripon, Earl Spencer, Lord Tweedmouth, Mr.
John Morley, Mr. Asquith, Mr. (now Sir) H. Campbell-
Bannerman, Mr. Acland, Mr. Bryce, Lord Acton, Lord Playfair,
and Mr. Burt. Lord Houghton, on his retirement from
the Lord-Lieutenancy of Ireland, has been created an Earl.
Lord Rosebery has been succeeded as Premier by the Marquis

UNIVERSAL PORTRAIT GALLERY.

of Salisbury, who holds the office of Foreign Secretary; and
Mr. Balfour has become First Lord of the Treasury and
Leader of the House of Commons; Mr. Chamberlain, Colonial
Secretary; Mr. Goschen, First Lord of the Admiralty; Vis-
count Cross, Lord Privy Seal; and Sir Richard Webster,
Attorney-General.

It should further be noted that M. Charles Dupuy has
ceased to be Prime Minister of France ; and that Dr. Dale,
Robert Louis Stevenson, Christina Rossetti, Lord Randolph
Churchill, and Professor Huxley, to the regret of multitudes
of admirers, have passed away.

ALPHABETICAL LIST OF CONTENTS,

PAGE

Aberdeen, The Countess of ... 104

Aberdeen, The Earl of ... 242

Acland, The Right Hon. A . H. D. 408

Acton, Lord 290

Adler, The Rev. Dr. Hermann 56

Albani, Madame 150

Allen, Mr. Grant 352

Alma-Tadema, Mr., R.A. ... 270

Argyll, The Duke of, K.G., K.T. 134

Armstrong, Lord 62

Arnold, Sir Arthur 436

Ashbourne, Lord 476

Asquith, Mrs 86

Asquith, The Right Hon. H. H. 306

Balfour, The Right Hon. A. J,
Ball, Sir Robert

Bancroft, Mrs

Bannerman, The Right Hon.
Sir H. Campbell- ...

Barrett, The Rev. Dr

Barrie, Mr. J. M.
Beerbohm-Tree, Mr. Herbert.

Beerbohm-Tree, Mrs

Bellamy, Mr. Edward ...
Bernhardt, Madame Sarah .

Besant, Mrs

Besant, Sir Walter
Bjornson, Bjornstjerne
Blake, The Hon. Edward .
Bouguereau, M.
Brassey, Lord .•

120
464
112

238
354
196
160
280
34
198
444
268
110
218
126
434

PAGE

Brock, Mr. Thomas, R.A. ... 446

Bryant, Mrs., D.Sc 416

Bryce, The Right Hon. James 272

Burns, Mr. John 180

Burt, Mr. Thomas 286

Butler, Lady 60

Caine, Mr. Hall 376

Calve, Madame 122

Campbell - Bannerman, The

Right Hon. Sir H., G.C.B. 238

Campbell, Mrs. Patrick ... 92

Canterbury, The Archbishop of 6

"Carmen Sylva" 240

Carnegie, Mr. Andrew ... 374
Chamberlain, The Right Hon.

Joseph 202

Chant, Mrs. Ormiston ... 220

Cheyne, the Rev. Professor ... 364

Churchill, Lady Randolph ... 154

Churchill, Lord Randolph ... 152

CJaretie, M. Jules 226

Clemens, Mr. S. L. ("Mark

Twain") 166

Cleveland, The Hon. Grover... 50

Clifford, The Rev. Dr. ... 168

Cobbe, Miss Frances Power ... 426

Cooper, Mr. T. Sidney, R.A. ... 294

Coppee, M 260

Coquelin, M. B.-C 88

Courtney, The Right Hon.

Leonard 438

vi UNIVERSAL

POliTRAIT GALLERY.

PAGE

Cowen, Mr. F. H

302

Frederick, H.I.M. the Empress

336

Cranbrook, The Earl of

332

Frith, Mr. W. P., R.A.

248

Crane, Mr. Walter

418

Crockett, Mr. S. R

298

Gladstone, The Right Hon.

Cross, The Right Hon. Viscount

398

W. E

Currie, Sir Donald

312

Gladstone, Mrs.

Czar of Russia, The

288

GeflFcken, Dr.

378

Geikie, Sir Archibald

448

Dale, The Rev. Dr

138

German Emperor, The

Davies, Miss Fanny

264

Gilbert, Sir John, R. A.

200

Davies, Mrs. Mary

370

Goschen, The Right Hon.

Davitt, Mr. Michael

356

G.J

266

Dawson, Sir J. W.

300

Gosse, Mr. Edmund

380

Deland, Mrs. ...

174

Grace, Dr. W. G.

Denmark, H.M. the King of ...

452

Grand, Madame Sarah

118

Denmark, H.M. the Queen of

404

Greece, H.M. the King of

432

Depew, Mr. Chauncey

246

Greece, H.M. the Queen of ...

350

Dewar, Professor

250

Green, Mrs. J. R

Dicksee, Mr. Frank, R.A.

346

Grundy, Mr. Sydney

236

Dilke, Lady

460

Guyot, M. Yves

232

Dilke, The Right Hon. Sir

Charles, Bart.

278

Haeckel, Herr Ernst

Donaldson, Principal ...

190

Hale, The Rev. Edward Ev-

Dowden, Professor Edward ...

310

erett, D.D

314

Doyle, Mr. Conan

470

Halevy, M. Ludovic

442

Driver, The Rev. Professor . . .

454

Hall, The Rev. John, D.D. ...

360

Dufferin and Ava, The Mar-

Halle, Lady

164

quis of, K.P

Hardy, Mr. Thomas

156

Dumas, M. Alexandre

Hare, Mr. John

206

Dupuy, M. Charles

102

Harrison, Mr. Frederic

334

Durham, The Bishop of

Harrison, The Hon. Benjamin

100

Hawkins, Sir Henry

108

Edison, Mr. Thomas Alva ...

114

Herkomer, Professor Hubert,

Erskine, Mr. H. D

362

R.A

462

Hole, Dean

382

Fairbairn, The Rev. Principal

212

Holmes, Oliver Wendell

214

Farrer, Lord

466

Houghton, Lord

Fawcett, Mrs. IMillicent Garrett

472

Howells, Mr. W. D

208

Forbes, Mr. Archibald

450

Hutton, Sir John

316

Forbes-Robertson, Mr. J. ...

258

Huxley, Professor

ALPHABETICAL LIST OF CONTENTS.

PAGE

Ibsen, Henrik ...•

... 76

Irving, Sir Henry

... 20

Israels, Josef

... 94

Jex-Blake, The Very Rev. Dr. 372

Johnston, Mr. H. H., C.B. ... 184

Jokai, Maurus 396

Jones, Mr. H. A 124

Kimberley, The Earl of, K.G. 322

Kipling, Mr, Rudyard ... 70

Knox-Little, Canon 430

Lang, Mr. Andrew 326

Lankester, Professor E. Ray . . . 224

Lefroy, The Right Rev. Dr. ... 474

Le Gallienne, Mr. Richard ... 412

Lecky, Mr. W. E. H 128

Leighton, Sir Frederic, P.R.A. 12

Linton, Mrs. Lynn 230

Linton, Sir James Druragole. . . 162
Lockyer, Professor Norman,

C.B 328

London, The Bishop of ... 194
Lord Chief Justice of England,

The 8

Loti, Pierre 308

Maartens, Morten ... ... 342

MahafFy, The Rev. Professor... 400

Mackenzie, Sir A. C 276

Malet, The Right Hon. Sir

Edward 348

Mancinelli, Signor Luigi ... 428

Manns, Mr. August 410

Marie of Russia, H.I.M. the

Empress 384

Martineau, The Rev. Dr. ... 74

Massenet, M 36

Mathew, Sir James C. ... 170

PAGE

Melba, Madame 80

Mellor, The Right Hon. J. W. 228

McCarthy, Mr. Justin '. 468

McKenzie, Miss Marian ... 296

McLaren, The Rev. Dr. ... 284
Millais, Sir J. E., Bart., R.A. ' 106

Morley, The Right Hon. John 172

Morris, Mr. William 16

Morris, Sir Lewis 234

Miiller, Professor F. Max ... 318

Munkacsy, M. Michael ... 22

Neilson, Miss Julia

320

Palgrave, Professor Francis

Turner 420

Parker, The Rev. Dr 324

Parkhurst, The Rev. Dr. ... 406

Parry, Dr. C. H. H 394

Patti, Madame 14

Payn, Mr. James 390

Peel, Viscount 10

Peterborough, The Bishop of 146

Pinero, Mr. Arthur VV. ... 178

Playfair, Lord 422

Rabbi, The Chief 56

Ravogli, Signorina Giulia ... 40

Ravogli, Signorina Sofia ... 252

Rayleigh, Lord 386

Rehan, Miss Ada 72

Reid, Sir George 392

Rhodes, The Right Hon. Cecil 32

Ripon, The Bishop of 292

Ripon, The Marquis of, K.G. . . . 344

Roberts, Field-Marshal Lord 18

Roberts, Mr. John, jun. ... 368

Robertson, Mr. J. Forbes- ... 258

Robins, Miss Elizabeth ... 188

Ronner, Madame 140

UNIVERSAL PORTRAIT GALLERY

Rosebery, The Earl of, K.G.,

K.T 52

Rossetti, Christina 24

Roumania, The Queen of ... 240

Ruskin, Mr. John 244

Russell of Killowen, Lord ... 8
Russia, H.LM. the Empress

Marie of 384

Russia, The Czar of 288

Saint-Saens, M. C.-C 176

Salisbury, The Marquis of, K G. 64

Salmon, The Rev. Professor . . . 468

Sanday, The Rev. Professor ... 414

Santley, Mr. Charles 130

Saxony, The King of 96

Scott-Holland, Canon 340

Serjeant-at-Arms, The ... 362

Sinclair, The Ven. Archdeacon 440

Skeat, The Rev. Professor ... 136

Solomon, Mr. Solomon J. ... 402

Spencer, Earl, K.G 256

Spencer, Mr. Herbert 38

Stainer, Sir John 456

Stanley, Mr. H. M 204

Stead, Mr. W.T 424

Stevenson, Robert Louis ... 28

Stirling, Madame Antoinette. . . 210

Stockton, Mr. F. R 282

Storrs, The Rev. Dr 330

Tadema, Mr. Alma-, R.A. ... 270

Tenniel, Sir John 44

Terry, Miss Ellen
Thompson, Sir John ...
Thornycroft, Mr. Hamo, R.A

Tolstoy, Leon

Twain, Mark

Tweedmouth, Lord ...

30
158
182

148
166
186

Vambery, Professor Arminius 358

Vaughan, Cardinal 26

Victoria, Her Majesty Queen 1

Wales, H.R.H. the Prince of...

144

Wales, H.R.H. the Princess of

192

Walsh, Archbishop

116

Ward, Mrs. Humphry

Watts, Mr. G. F

Wauters, M. Emile

222

Webster, Sir Richard

366

Welldon, The Rev. Dr.

262

Westminster, The Dean of ...

388

Whyte, The Rev. Alexander,

D.D

304

Willard, Mr. E. S..

142

Willard, Dr. Frances

132

William II. of Germany, H.I. M.

the Emperor

Wolff, M. Johannes

478

Wolseley, Field - Marshal Vis

count, KP

338

Worcester, The Bishop of ...

254

Wiirttemberg, The King of ...

216

Zola,M. ...

68.

UNIVERSAL PORTRAIT GALLERY.

BucKiNGHAJi Palace.

HER MAJESTY THE QUEEN.

Like lesser mortals, Queen Victoria lias not found life to be
free from care and sorrow. The sudden death of the Prince
Consort, in 1861, imposed upon her a long period of seclusion.
The deaths of the Princess Alice, of Prince Leopold, Duke
of Albany, and more recently of Prince Albert Victor, Duke
of Clarence, the eldest son of H.RH. the Prince of Wales,
have been sore griefs to Her Majesty. On the other hand,
her reign has been one of singidar prosperity, seven of her
nine children still remain to her, the number of her sfrand-
children and great-grandchildren is legion, and now she has
the satisfaction of knowing that the succession to the throne
in the direct male line is provided for to the third genera-
tion. Her Majesty, who was bom on the 24th of May, 1819,
succeeded her uncle, William IV., on the 20th of June, 1837,
and was crowned in Westminster Abbey on the 28th of
June, 1838. And here, in 1887, she celebrated the Jubilee of
her reign with a solemn Thanksgiving Service, attended by
members of all the Royal families of Europe and b}'^ delegates
from every part of the Empire, as well as by representatives
of all the great national interests.
1

UNIVERSAL PORTRAIT GALLERY.

Photo: G. If. irUsott &■ Co., Aberdeen.

Hawakdbn Castlk.

THE RIGHT HON. W. E. GLADSTONE.

When Mr. Gladstone went into retirement, early in 1894,
having four times held the office of First Minister of the
Crown, his political opponents vied with the most devoted of
his supporters in acclaiming him as the greatest English-
man of his age. Mr. Balfour's eloquent tribute to his great
antagonist was only the formal expression of a respect which
the Conservative leader in the House of Commons had con-
sistently shown. Not less emphatic was the Marquis of
Salisbury's eulogiura of the venerable statesman as the most
brilliant intellect that had ever devoted itself to the service
of the State since Parliamentar}^ Government began. Mr.
Gladstone was then in his eighty-fifth year, having been bom
at Liverpool on the 29th of December, 1809. He had been a
Member of Parliament for sixty-one years, and sixty years
has passed since he first took office — as Junior Lord of the
Treasury under Sir Robert PeeL He has left behind him a
noble tradition, not merely of superb oratory, of masterly
statesmanship, and of inspiring leadership, but also of dis-
interested devotion to duty, of chivalrous magnanimity, of
splendid intrepidity, and of high-minded patriotism.

UNIVERSAL PORTRAIT GALLERY.

Mes. Gladstone's Oephanaqe, Hawaeden

MRS. GLADSTONE.

The lady to whose solicitous care and unfailing sympathy
her distinguished husband is so deeply indebted is the eldest
daughter of the late Sir Stephen Richard Glynne, Bart., of
Hawarden, and sister of the late Lady Lyttelton, their mother
being the Hon. Mary, second daughter of Richard Lord Bray-
brooke. The marriage which has run so smooth and happy
a course took place in the year 1839, and Mr. and Mrs.^
Gladstone celebrated their golden wedding on the 25th cf
July, 1889, amidst a chorus of congratulations. Of the eight
children, all except two — the eldest son and the second
daughter — survive. The Rev. Stephen Gladstone is rector of
Hawarden, Mr. Henry Gladstone chose a commercial career,
and Mr. Herbert Gladstone, one of the members for Leeds, is
First Commissioner of Works. The eldest daughter, Anne,
is the wife of the Very Rev. E. C. Wickham, Dean of Lincoln ;
Mary married the Rev. Harry Drew, curate of Hawarden, in
1886 ; and the youngest. Miss Helen Gladstone, is Vice-
Principal of Newnham College. Mrs. Gladstone is honour-
ably known for her charitable activities, and the Orphanage
at Hawarden is not the only institution for which she has
pleaded and worked.

Photo : H. S. Atettaelssohii, Pembridge Crescent, IK

(a^CttnX' nA- l^^»C/tSrt-A^

UNIVERSAL PORTE AIT GALLERY.

GANTKKiiUKY CaTHEDEAL.

THE ARCHBISHOP OF CANTERBURY.

The Most Rev. Edward White Benson, D.D., was born near
Birmingham in 1829, and was educated at King Edward's
School, and at Trinity College, Cambridge, of Avhich he became
Scholar and Fellow. For some years he Avas an assistant-
master at Rugby; then, from 1858 to 1872, he was first head-
master of Wellington School, resigning this post to become
Chancellor of Lincoln Cathedral. He was Select Preacher to
the University of Cambridge for several years between 1864
and 1882, and to the sister University in 1875-76, was Hon.
Chaplain to the Queen in 1873, and Chaplain-in- Ordinary,
1875-77. In 1876 he was elevated by Lord Beaconsfield to
the newly-created Bishopric of Truro, and in 1882, having
shown uncommon capacity for administration in the organisa-
tion of his diocese, he was chosen by Mr. Gladstone to succeed
Dr. Tait as Primate — an office for which he was marked out
by his fine presence and courtly manners no less than by his
ability and energy. A Liberal High Churchman, Dr. Benson
has avoided controversial theology, and has directed his atten-
tion mainly to administrative efficiency and social reform.

Photi : Bassano, Old Bond Street, IK

/^^^^^^^/^'^

UNIVERSAL PORTRAIT GALLERY.

THE LORD CHIEF JUSTICE OF
ENGLAND.

The appointment of Lord Russell of Killowen to the most
dignified and important post in the English judiciary was
universally anticipated. On all hands it was felt that the
Prime Minister could not fail to choose for the virtual head-
ship of English judges the man who had for years been the
greatest of English advocates. His lordship was born near

NcAvry in 1833, and was educated
at Castleknock, graduating at
Trinity College, Dublin. Having
practised for some years as a
solicitor at Belfast, he came to
England, was called to the Bar at
Lincoln's Inn in 1859, and joined
the Northern Circuit. In 1872 he
took silk, and from this time for-
ward was engaged in most of the
leading cases in the English courts,
distinguishing himself even more
by his matchless cross-examina-
tions than by his eloquence. He
entered Parliament as the elect of
Dundalk in 1880, and in 1886,
having been returned for South Hackney, became Attorney-
General in the first Home Rule Government. For the cause
of Home Rule he has been a most strenuous worker. He was
leading counsel for the Irish Party before the Special Commis-
sion ; and his six days' speech in introducing the evidence for
the defendants, and his cross-examination of Pigott, rank among
the greatest achievements at the Bar. He was again appointed
Attorney-General in 1892, and was raised to the peerage as a
Lord of Appeal in 1894, succeeding the late Baron Coleridge
as Lord Chief Justice of England a few weeks later.

Entran'ce to the Boyal Palace of
Justice.

I lioto : Elliott & Fry, Haker Street, W.

UNIVERSAL PORTRAIT GALLERY.

THE SPEAKER.

One of the greatest of Speakers, the Right Hon. Arthur
Wellesley Peel, is a son — the youngest — of one of the greatest
of Prime Ministers. Born in 1829, he was educated at Eton,
and at BaUiol College, Oxford. In 1865 his political

career began with his election,
in the Liberal interest, for the
borough of Warwick, which he
represented continuously until
1885, when, the constituency
having been affected by the
Redistribution Act, he was re-
turned for Warwick and Leam-
ington. In 1868 he was ap-
pointed Parliamentary Secretary
to the Poor Law Board ; in 1871
he became Secretary to the
Board of Trade, and in 1878
Patronage Secretary to the
Treasury. Even in 1880 he had
given little proof, save to a dis-
cerning few, of the great qualities
he was afterwards to manifest ;
for when in that year the Liberals
came back to power, he received
only an Under-Secretaryship —
that of the Home Department.
This office he held until 1884,
when, Mr. Brand being elevated
to the House which has no Speaker, he was elected to the vacant
chair. The speech in which he accepted the office was, in its
lofty and sonorous eloquence, a surprise to many who had been in
frequent contact with him. But high as was the standard which
he thus set for himself, he has never fallen below it ; and now
the prospect of his retirement would be regarded with dismay.

i'hoto : yalcuHtie ir Sons, Dundee.

The Clock Tower.

Photo : RUio't &■ Fry. Baker Strut, IK

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UNIVERSAL PORTRAIT GALLERY.

SIR FREDERIC LEIGHTON, BART.

FoRTioN OF Frieze in Uivan of Sir
F. Leighton's House.

The President of the Koyal Acadeniy is a native of Scar-
borough. At the age of fourteen — in 1844! — he entered the
Academy of BerHn, continuing his art-studies at Florence, at
Frankfort-on-the-Maine, at the Louvre, and at Kome. From
this city he, in 1855, sent to our Royal Academy a large
picture known as " Cimabue's Triumph," which, as the work

of an English artist un-
known in England, took
the public by surprise. It
was bought by the Queen,
and "w^as re-exhibited at
Manchester and at the
International Exhibitions.
The theme of his Academy
picture in 1856 Avas " The
Triumph of Music," which
gave further proof that a
great artist had been bom, if not trained, among us. In
1864, being then thirtj^-four, he was elected an Associate of
the Royal Academy. Five years later he became an Acade-
mician, and in November, 1878, he succeeded Sir Francis Grant
as President, and was knighted. It was in this year that he
completed the great wall decoration for the South Kensington
Museum, " The Industrial Arts Applied to War." In 1879
Cambridge made him an honorary LL.D., Oxford an honorary
D.C.L., and Edinburgh an honorary LL.D. ; and in 1886 he
was created a baronet. Nor has he gone without marks of
distinction from abroad. He is a member of several foreign
artistic societies, is an Officer of the Legion of Honour, and was
President of the International Jury of Painting at the Paris
Exhibition of 1878. In 1888 he was elected a member of the
Society of Painters in Water-Colours. Sir Frederic has also
executed some admirable pieces of sculpture. His speeches at
the Royal Academy banquets are models of polished eloquence.

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UNIVERSAL PORTRAIT GALLERY.

The Albert Hall.

MADAME PATTI.

The great singer who will always be known by her paternal
name is of Italian and Spanish extraction. She was born in
Madrid on the 9th of April, 1848, daughter of Salvatori Patti,
and was christened Adelina Maria Clorinda. Her musical
education was begun under her brother-in-law, Maurice
Strakosch. Her parents removing to America, she made her
debut there at a very early age, but retired for further study,
and made her formal appearance at New York in November,
1859, as Lucia. Her entry at Co vent Garden took place in
May, 1861, in the rdle of Amina, and by the end of the
season it was evident to all that an operatic star of the first
magnitude had arisen. Nor has she distinguished herself less
in oratorio, at the Handel and other Festivals. On the
Continent, and also in America, South as well as North, she
is as great a favourite as in the land of her adoption. In
1868 she became the wife of the Marquis de Caux, and in
1886 was married to Signer Nicolini. The generous disposi-
tion which leads Madame Patti to give her audiences more than
is specified "in the bond," manifests itself also in frequent
performances for the benefit of hospitals and other charitable
institutions.

Photo: B. Laurv, Kite.

UyiVEUSAL PORTRAIT GALLERY.

MR WILLIAM MORRIS.

The author of " The Earthly Paradise " is notable on several
grounds, but his work as a poet forms his most enduring
claim to renown. Born at Walthamstow m 1834, he was
educated at Marlborough and at Exeter College, Oxford. In
1856, the year in which he took his degree, he was articled
to the late Mr. Street, the architect. But his strong poetical
bent would take no denial, and he failed to complete his
term with Mr. Street. In 1858 he sent to the press " The
Defence of Guenevere, and other Poems;" in 1867 came
"The Life and Death of Jason;" and in 1868 appeared the
first instalment of the memorable work already mentioned,
" The Earthly Paradise." With years and experience came
depth of thought and feeling, and in 1876 the erstwhile
" singer of an empty day " gave to the world, in " The Story
of Sigurd the Volsung," his poetical masterpiece. Mr.
Morris has also translated the xEneid and the Odyssey,
as well as some of the Icelandic sagas. Of late he has
written much prose romance, in addition to lectures on archi-
tecture and other branches of art, and newspaper and other
matter relating to Socialism, of which he has long been an
impassioned advocate. The fine-art decoration undertaking
carried on under his name has undoubtedly been a most
important agent in the reform of English taste in colour and
design. He also conducts the Kelmscott Press, from which
he has sent out many beautiful reprints of old works in
type and with ornaments of his own design.

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UNIVERSAL PORTRAIT GALLERY.

Kamdahae.

LORD ROBERTS.

The hero of the most celebrated inarch in modem warfare
was bom in 1832, son of the late General Sir A. Roberts, and
was educated at Eton, Sandhurst, and Woolwich. Entering
the Bengal Artillery in 1851, he served through the Indian
Mutiny, taking part in the storming of Delhi, the capture
of Cawnpore, and the relief of Lucknow, and gaining the
Victoria Cross for rescuing a standard at Khodagimj. After
further service in Abyssinia and in South-East Bengal, he
commanded the Kurum Valley column in the Afghan War of
1878, carrying the Peiwar Pass, and entering Cabul in triumph.
It was in the second campaign (1879-80) that, after defeating
the enemy at Charasiah, he led the march upon Candahar,
covering over three hundred miles in twenty days, and
routing the Afghans outside the beleaguered city. For these
services he was created a baronet and G.C.B., and received
the thanks of Parliament. In 1885 he became Commander-
in-Chief in India, and when he resigned in 1893, and returned
to England, where he had a reception which princes might
envy, he left behind him a splendid army and a greatly
strengthened frontier. He was raised to the peerage in 1892
as Lord Roberts of Kandahar and Waterford.

20 UNIVERSAL PORTRAIT GALLERY.

MR HENRY IRVING.

The actor-manager of the Lyceum is a native of Keinton,
near Glastonbury, and was born in 1838. His first appearance
was at Sunderland in 1856. After a spell of hard work at
the Theatre Royal, Edinburgh, he made his ddbut in London
in 1859 at the Princess's Theatre, with only partial success,
though the critics were much impressed by two dramatic
readings given by him at Crosby Hall. He then served
a further provincial apprenticeship of seven years at the
Theatre Royal, Manchester, and dliring that period attracted a
good deal of notice by a clever exposure, in conjunction with
Mr. F. Maccabe, of the spiritualism of the Davenport Brothers.
When he next appeared in London, at the St. James's
Theatre in 1866, as Doricourt in The Belle's Stratagem, he
at once made his mark. In 1870 he scored a brilliant success
at the Vaudeville in The Two Roses. The next year, at the
Lyceum, he created an immense sensation as Mathias in
The Bells. In 1874, with his appearance as Hamlet, a new
period in his career began; and it was not long before the
play-going public saw in him a great tragedian, possessed
of an insight rare even among great actors. Succeeding
Mrs. Bateman as lessee of the Lyceum in 1878, Mr. Irving
inaugurated a new era in stage management. Space fails us
to enumerate the many plays which he has splendidly mounted,
and in which he and Miss Ellen Terry have taken the leading
parts ; but it must be mentioned that in America he and his
company are not less popular than in the land which is proud
of him as her greatest living actor. Our portrait shows him
in the part of Cardinal Wolsey.

Photo: IK &■ D. Downey, F.bury Street, IK.

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22 UNIVERSAL PORTRAIT GALLERY.

M. MICHAEL MUNKACSY.

The Hungarian painter is a notable instance of genius
triumphing over environment. Born in 1846, within gunshot
of the old fortress of Munkacs, he, at the age of four, lost his
father, who died in prison, having been one of the followers of
Kossuth. Presently he was taken charge of by an uncle, who
was too poor to give him even the rudiments of an educa-
tion, and had to apprentice him to a village carpenter. His
life was a hard one, but not hard enough to crush out his
irrepressible impulse to handle the pencil. After his appren-
ticeship, the youth worked as a journeyman for a pittance'
of five shillings a week, but was able to teach himself writing
and reading. Then the thirst for knowledge grew insati-
able, the midnight oil was burnt, and before long violent fever
compelled him for a time to suspend his studies. When
health returned he acquired some local fame as a self-taught
artist, and was able to leave the carpenter's bench and set
up his easel at Pesth. Thence he removed to Vienna, and
next in rapid succession to Munich and Diisseldorf, ulti-
mately finding an abiding-place in Paris. His first great
success was achieved at Diisseldorf A wealthy connoisseur
commissioned the now familiar " Last Day of a Condemned
Prisoner," and no sooner did it appear on the walls of the
Paris Salon in 1870, than Goupil, the picture-dealer, sought
him out at Diisseldorf and gave him a handsome commission.
Among the many works which M. Munkacsy has since pro-
duced have been " The Night Prowlers," " Milton Dictating
'Paradise Lost' to his Daughters," and "Christ before Pilate."
To the Salon of 1894 he contributed a painting entitled " Recit,"
full of vivacity and humour.

Photo: Eug. Pirou, Paris.

24 UNIVERSAL PORTRAIT GALLERY.

MISS CHRISTINA ROSSETTI.

The youngest member of a family of rare distinction, Chris-
tina Georgina Rossetti was born in London on the 5 th of
December, 1830, her father being an Itahan patriotic poet
who had fled to this country from the kingdom of Naples
a few years before, while her mother was Frances Mary
Lavinia Polidori, sister of Byron's travelling physician. While
still quite a child, Miss Rossetti wrote verses marked by much
sweetness of feeling as well as by artistic expression. In 1850
she contributed to The Germ, the organ of the Pre-Raphaelite
movement, into which her brothers — Dante Gabriel and
William Michael — had thrown themselves. In 1862 appeared
her first book, " Goblin Market, and Other Poem's," by which
she at once established her reputation as a poet of a very
high order. This was followed in 1866 by "The Prince's
Progress, and Other Poems." I^ both these volumes were
pieces of the highest merit as devotional poetry ; and in 1874
Miss Rossetti issued a book of devotion, " Annus Domini :
A Prayer for each Day of the Year, founded on a Text of
Holy Scripture." In 1875 a collected edition of the poems
came out, and in 1881 appeared " A Pageant, and Other
Poems." Miss Rossetti has also written a volume of short
stories, and several religious works in prose. In every kind,
her work is that of a consummate artist; but her reputation
is, without doubt, bound up with her poetry. To compare
her with her great brother would be profitless ; but it is safe
to say that, if her genius has a narrower range than his, her
work is not one whit less distinguished. Deep rather than
high seriousness is perhaps its most salient quality.

26 UNIVERSAL PORTRAIT GALLERY.

CARDINAL VAUGHAN.

Born at Gloucester on the 13th of April, 1832, eldest son of
Lieu tenant- Colonel Vaughan, of Courtfield, Herefordshire, his
Eminence the Cardinal Archbishop of Westminster belongs to
one of those old country families which have through man}^
generations stood fast by the Church of Rome, in evil as well
as in good report. He was educated at Stonyhurst and at a
college in Belgium, and was originally designed to follow his
father's profession, but preferred to enter the priesthood. Five
of his brothers, by the way, made the same choice, and have
all risen to positions of influence and dignity — one, Roger,
dying Archbishop of Sydney. Three of his uncles also are
priests, and one of them is now Bishop of Plymouth. In
1849 he entered St. Gregory's, Downside, and, after a course
of study at Rome, was ordained priest at Lucca in 1854 —
being appointed Vice-President of St. Edmund's College,
near Ware, Herts, in the following year. In 1863, having
determined to found a Missionary College, he travelled in
North and South America to collect funds, with which he
purchased a house at Mill Hill, converting it into a Missionary
Training College with a single student. Before long, larger
premises became necessary, and in 1871 the present hand-
some College was opened. In 1872 Dr. Vaughan was pre-
ferred to the See of Salford, but was allowed to retain the
office of Superior-General of the Missionary Society which
owed its existence to his efforts. He was preferred to the See
of Westminster in 1892, in succession to Cardinal Manning,
and was raised to the Cardinalate in January of the
following year.

UNIVERSAL POBTEAIT GALLERY.

ScKNE IN Samoa.

MR R L. STEVENSOiN\

The founder of the English Neo-Romantic school of fiction
comes of an engineering stock, his family having been for
three generations engineers to the Board of Northern Light-
houses. He himself was designed for the same profession ;
but Nature had had other intentions, and her plans were not
to be frustrated. His first book was "An Inland Voyage,"
and this was followed by several other volumes of travel and
of essays — all of them charming in their delicate humour,
their tender humanity, their play of fancy. But the work
which brought him world-wide fame was " Treasure Island,"
which saw the light in 1883, and has been the precursor of
quite a host of adventure stories and romances. " The
Dynamiter," " Prince Otto," and " The Strange Case of Dr.
Jekyll and Mr. Hyde," all belong to 1885 ; " The Black
Arrow" to 1888; "The Wreckers" to 1892; and "The Ebb
Tide," written, like " The Wreckers," in collaboration, to 1894.
"Catriona," which appeared in 1893, as a sequel to "Kid-
napped" (1886), is perhaps the most delightful of all Mr.
Stevenson's works, not even excepting " The Beach of Falesa "
m the " Island Nights' Entertainments;" although, as a study
in character, and in point of unity and proportion, "The
Master of BaUantrae' comes first of all.

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Photo : Fait, Syaney.

30 UNIVERSAL PORTRAIT GALLERY.

MISS ELLEN TERRY.

Like her sister, Miss Kate Terry, the first of hving Enghsh
actresses made her debut at the Princess's, in a Shakesperian
play — The Winter's Tale, the part being Mamilhus. This was
in 1856, when she was eight years old ; and she soon became
known as a talented exponent of juvenile character. In 1863
she began to take ingenue parts; and her Gertrude in The
Little Treasure was recognised as entirely unconventional
and full of intelligence. In 1875 her Portia, in a revival
of The Merchant of Venice at the Prince of Wales's, was
hailed as a most artistic performance. But Miss Terry set
the seal upon her growing fame by her poetic creation, at
the Court Theatre, of the heroine in Olivia, the play which
Mr. W. G. Wills founded upon "The Vicar of Wakefield."
In 1878 she joined the Lyceum Company ; and since then
she has been associated Avith Mr. Irving in all the chief
productions under his management. Her first appearance
at the Lyceum was as Ophelia ; among her subsequent
impersonations have been Pauline in The Lady of Lyons,
Camma in The Cup, Letitia Hardy in The Belle's Stratagem,
Desdemona, Juliet, Beatrice, Margaret in Mr. Wills's version
of Faust, Lady Macbeth, Cordelia, and Rosamonde in Becket.
The first of her visits to America with the Lyceum Company
was in 1883 ; and, as all the Avorld knows, she found the
conquest of the New World a delightfully easy task. Miss
Terry's genius ranges over a wide field. If in tragic in-
tensity she falls somewhat below the greatest of her pre-
decessors, she can never have been excelled in poetic grace
and charm, or in tender pathos.

UNIVERSAL PORTRAIT GALLERY.

Pabliament House, Cape Town.

THE HON. CECIL RHODES.

The Cape Premier is by common consent one of the most
energetic and influential, as he is one of the richest, men in the
British Empire. The son of an English gentleman of moderate
means, he emigrated to South Africa as soon as his education
was completed ; and though at first he met with no great
success, his astute and vigorous direction of diamond mines
at Kimberley was not long in winning him a large fortune
and the title of " The Diamond King." These achievements,
however, served but as a whet to his ambition. Turning to
politics, he quickly made his mark, and was soon admitted
to the Government — that of Sir T. Scanlon. When the
Spriggs Ministry fell, in 1890, he was nominated Prime
Minister, and has held the Premiership ever since. In 1891
he paid a visit to his native land, and created some-
thing of a sensation by giving a sum of £10,000 for the
promotion of the cause of Home Rule. He was the prime
mover in obtaining from the ill-starred Lobengula the con-
cession of mining rights in Matabeleland ; and when hostilities
broke out, in the autumn of 1893, he, as Chairman of the
British South Africa Company, took the conduct of operations,
into his own hands — with what result all the world knowa

UNIVERSAL PORTRAIT GALLERY.

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MR. EDWARD BELLAMY.

It was as a journalist that the author of " Looking Backward '*
acquired his mastery of the pen and his knack of adroit pre-
sentation. He was educated at Union College and in Ger-
many, and then acquired enough law to be admitted to the Bar.
He never practised, however, preferring to devote himself
to journalism. In 1871 he joined the staff of the New York
Evening Post, and in the following year obtained an appoint-
ment on the Springjield Union as leader-writer and critic. In
1876-77 he went to the Sandwich Islands in search of health,
and on his return took a leading part in founding the
Springfield News. Two years later he renounced journalism
for literature, writing a number of short stories, and also
producing some longer works, among them " Six to One :
a Nantucket Idyl," 1878; "Dr. Heidenhoff's Process," 1880;
and " Miss Ludington's Sister," 1884. Neither of these books,,
however, attracted widespread notice ; and it was not till 1888
that, with the appearance of " Looking Backward," of which
more than 300,000 copies were sold in America within two
years, his name came to be known on this s^de of the Atlantic.
If it cannot be pretended that the book takes rank as fiction,
no one will dispute that it is marked by very considerable
ingenuity. Mr. Bellamy is no mere trifler, Avho works out an
idea because he sees "copy" in it. Whether his position is
rational or the reverse, it represents his earnest and well-
considered convictions; and he is never weary of doing what
he can to defend and advance them. He still resides at the
Chicopee Falls, Massachusetts, where he was born in 1850.

Photo: A. J. PhUfott.

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UNIVEIiSAL FOBTBAIT GALLERY.

M. MASSENET.

The rare distinction belongs to M. Massenet of having had
two of his operas introduced to the English public in one
season — that of 1894. Werther, the first of them, was com-
posed, we believe, some years ago, and although the subject
is essentially undramatic, its musical treatment was so rich
and sensuous and tender that it scored a brilliant success,
and could have left Sir Augustus Harris in no doubt as to
the wisdom of proceeding with La Naverraise. Of this it
is not too much to say that it was a revelation of unsuspected
power. M. Massenet had long been known as a composer
of sweet, melodious, hi^hlv-coloured music ; he now showed
that he had it in him to produce effects as powerful and
dramatic as any in Cavalleria Rusticana or II Pagliacci.
He was fortunate, certainly, in having Madame Calve and
M. Alvarez to act as his interpreters ; but the tumult of
applause with which the piece was received was undoubtedly
intended primarily for the music. The opera was performed
before the Queen shortly afterwards, and is sure of a place
in the Covent Garden repertory. M. Massenet, who was bom
at Montaud in 1842, the youngest of twenty-one children,
ran a brilliant course at the Paris Conservatoire, where, in
1878, he Avas appointed Professor of Composition. He has
written a great deal of delightful music for the pianoforte
and the orchestra, besides a number of operas, both light and
serious, and some oratorios. One of his operas, the romantic
Esclarmonde, had the unusual run of one hundred nights
in 1889.

Photo : Prof. H. tiayijstdngl, Frankfort.

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UNIVERSAL PORTRAIT GjiLLERY.

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MR HERBERT SPENCER.

The great apostle of evolution Avas at the age of seventeen
articled to a civil engineer, and for seven or eight years
followed that profession with some success ; but the sudden
abatement of the railway mania left him, like the late
Professor Tyndall, stranded, and he gradually drifted into
literature and ultimately into philosophy. Taking up his
residence in London in 1848, he sub-edited the Economist,
and also did a good deal of work for the Westminster Review
and the Edinburgh. In 1855, four years before Darwin
published his " Origin of Species," he sent to the press his
" Principles of Psychology," interpreting the phenomena of
mind along the lines of evolution. Five years later he issued
the programme of his " System of Synthetic Philosophy," in
which he proposed to apply the principle of evolution to all
orders of phenomena, social and political as well as biological.
To the fulfilment of this gigantic task most of his energy
has since been directed. The list of his works includes " First
Principles," " The Principles of Sociology," " Political Institu-
tions," " Ecclesiastical Institutions," and " The Data of Ethics."
He has also taken a prominent part in controversy on current
questions. A pronounced individualist, he has contended
vigorously against the Socialistic tendencies of the age; he
has also made some lively onslaughts upon the (.'omtist
philosophy and religion. Mr. Spencer, who was born at Derby
in 1820, the son of a teacher of mathematics, and was educated
by his father and his uncle (the Rev. Thomas Spencer), has
consistently declined the academic honours that have been
offered to him.

Photo : UUiott &■ Fry, Baker Street, H'.

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UNIVERSAL PORTRAIT GALLERY

SIGNORINA GIULIA RAVOGLI.

The younger of " the sisters Ravogli " was born in Rome in
1866, and was only just in her teens Avhen, with the elder
of" the twain, she began to study under Abbadia in her
native city. Two years later she made her tirst appearance
at Malta, in Norma, with most gratifying results. Her ear-
liest success, therefore, like so many of her later and most
brilliant, was achieved on British soil. In her own land she
was not long in winning renown in operas which are still
popular there ; but in England, as in Germany, her greatest
successes have been as Urbano in Les Huguenots, as
Ortrud in Lohengrin, and above all in Orfeo. Her first
visit to London was in 1890, when she was at once recog-
nised as having a place in the very first rank of operatic
artists. Her voice alone would, no doubt, have brought her
distinction ; but still more remarkable is her dramatic gift.
As an actress it would be difficult to find her equal on the
operatic stage. The revival of Gllick's opera dates from the
performance at La Scala ill 1888, when she and her sister
took the leading parts. Her appearance in it at Covent
Garden in 1890 was the greatest operatic event of the year,
and was, in effect, a creation of the part, for she is too young
to remember Yiardot Garcia, the last great Orfeo. Of her
we may say as truly as Berlioz said of Viardot, " She has all
the special qualities the part demands: thorough mastery of
the music, a simple and severe style, an organ puissant and
noble, profound sensibility, expressive features, natural beauty
of gesture."

Fhoto: Faik, Aew York.

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UNIVERSAL PORTRAIT GALLERY.

-toffra/h ty J/tSirs. March Bros., Henky

DR. W. G. GRACE.

A CAPITAL bowler, a first-rate field, and an admirable captain.
Dr. Grace is at his best in front of the wicket. So long ago
as 1864 he distinguished himself with the South Wales
team against the Gentlemen of Sussex, scoring 170, and
56 not out, and soon after this he came to be recognised as
among the best of England's cricketers, and ultimately as
the champion batsman. Between 1864 and 1890 he had 814
innings in first-class matches, and scored 35,446 runs, an
average of 43 i per innings. During the same period, 2,230
wickets fell to his ball, at a cost of 36,170 runs, or an average
per wicket of 16. In 1884, and again in 1886, he scored
over 100 in each of the three innings against the Australians.
Several times has he obtained over 200, and on certain
memorable occasions his score has exceeded 300. Dr. Grace
was bom at Downend, near Bristol, on the 18th of July,
1848, and, like his father and his brother, is a working
member of the medical profession. In 1891 he sent to the
press an interesting work on the pastime in which he has
gained world-wide celebrity. In an interesting match at
Reigate, in September, 1894, between teams captained re-
spectively by Dr. Grace and by Mr. AV. W. Read, the former's
son, Mr. W. G. Grace, Jun., scored 148 not out.

Photo: E. Hawkins &■ Co., Brighton.

UNIVERSAL PORTRAIT GALLERY.

SIR JOHN TENNIEL.

The prince of political cartoonists is a native of London,
where he was born in 1820. Though his draughtsmanship
was self-taught, he was successful, at the age of twenty-five,
in one of the Cartoon Competitions at VV^estminster, and
painted a fresco in the Palace. He also acquired skill in
oil-painting, but abandoned canvas for wood, and soon became
known as a book-illustrator of great delicacy and finish,
particularly happy when his subjects were taken from fairy
lore. Among the works to which his pencil has lent added
charm are ^sop's " Fables," " The Ingoldsby Legends," the
poems of Poe and of Miss Procter, and Lewis Carroll's " Alice
in "Wonderland " and " Through the Looking-Glass." But his
fame rests less upon these graceful creations than upon his
contributions to Punch. His connection with that paper
began in 1851 ; and after the death of Leech, in 1864, he was
recognised as being without a rival in the designing of
political cartoons. Week after week, with hardly a single
break, his well-known initials have appeared at the foot of
the leading picture ; and his invention has all the appearance
of being exhaustless. If he has not the fulness of Leech's
humour, he is much the superior of his predecessor in his
knowledge of the human form and in his power of dramatic
effect, as well as in the range of his knowledge. Nor does he
restrict himself to the ludicrous so exclusively as did Leech ;
on the contrary, he frequently appeals in the most admirable
manner to the terrible and the pathetic. He owes his
knighthood to Mr. Gladstone, who has furnished his lively
pencil with far more subjects than any other of our public
men.

Photo : Bassano, Old Bond Street, IK.

46 UNIVERSAL PORTRAIT GALLERY.

HERE ERNST HAECKEL.

The distinguished Jena professor is undoubtedly one of the
first of German naturahsts, and is recognised as such by
those who strongly dissent from his materialistic views. His
education, begim at Wiirzburg, where he was born in 1834,
was continued in the University of Berlin and in that of
his native town. After a prolonged examination of the
seas in the vicinity of Heligoland, Norway, and Nice, for
zoological purposes, and a stay in Italy and Sicily, he was
admitted a Frivat-dozent at Jena, where, shortly afterwards,
he was appointed extraordinary professor of Comparative
Anatomy. In 1865 a chair of Zoology was created specially
for him, and this he has ever since continued to fill, in spite
of tempting offers from more imposing seats of learning.
A prolific and trenchant writer, some of whose works have
gone through many editions and have been translated into
several languages, Herr Haeckel has still been careful to throw
himself into his professorial work, and so has moulded to
his way of thinking not a few of the leaders of thought in
Germany. It is interesting to recall that in 1866 he came
to London and made the acquaintance of Darwin, who,
however, never approved of the extent to which his doctrines
were carried by his perfervid disciple. The Royal Society's
catalogue of scientific papers contains a large number of
memoirs from Professor Haeckcl's pen, all of them of great
value ; and he has also done admirable service in connection
with the report of the Challenger Expedition by furnishing
monographs of some of the most important groups of
Invertebrata.

Photo: Friedr Haact, yetta.

48 UNIVERSAL PORTRAIT GALLERY.

Potsdam.

THE GERMAN EMPEROR.

His Imperial Majesty William II. (Friedrich Wilhelm Victor
Albrecht) is the eldest son of the Emperor Frederick III.
and of the Empress Victoria, the Princess Royal of England,
and was born at Berlin on the 27th of January, 1859. On
the 27th of February, 1881, he married the Princess Au-
gusta Victoria, daughter of Friedrich, Duke of Sphleswig-
Holstein, and niece of Prince Christian, and has seven children.
He succeeded his lamented father on the loth of June, 1888,
and at once gave proof of his determination to take the reins
into his own hands. In less than two years he parted with
Prince Bismarck, and installed Count von Caprivi in his
place. In Jul}-, 1891, he visited England, with the Empress,
and was entertained at a series of splendid festivities, and
invested with the freedom of the City of London. In 1893
he came to Cowes and won the Queen's Cup with his yacht;
and the visit was repeated in 1894, but not with the same
result. His Majesty has shown himself to have remarkable
powers of expression ; and none of his numerous critics, what-
ever they may say about his discretion, can refuse to credit
him with courage and resource.

Fhoto : Reickard &■ Lindner, Berlin.

UNIVERSAL POUTEAIT GALLERY.

Phcto: C. M. Bell, IVashiuston, U.S.A.

The White House, Washinotox.

GENERAL GROVER CLEVELAND.

The first Democratic President of the United States since
the Civil War was born at Caldwell, Essex Co., New York,
on the 18th of March, 1837, and started life as a clerk,
rising to be a member of an important firm of law}'-ers,
to which he still belongs. In 1882 he was elected Governor
of New York State, and so made his mark in that office as
to be chosen Presidential candidate by the Democratic Con-
vention at Chicago in July, 1884. His Republican opponent,
Mr. Blaine, was extremely unpopular with a section of his
own followers, and these rallying to General Cleveland, he
was elected, being "inaugurated" at the White House in the
following March, In 1888 there was a Republican revival, and
in the election of that year he was defeated by General
Harrison. But the tariff policy of the Repubhcans caused
widespread dissatisfaction, and at the election in 1892 General
Cleveland was again victorious, his majority in the country
being estimated at 430,000. He has vigorously prosecuted the
tariff reform whic'i was the main plank of his platform, but
has been obliged to content himself with a smaller measure
than that originally proposed.

UNIVERSAL PORTRAIT GALLERY.

rhoto : yaleuline & Sons, Dundee.

Dalmeny House.

THE EARL OF ROSEBERY, K.G.

Lord Rosebery is one of those for whom the stars in their
courses fight. Before he had turned forty — he was born in
1847 — and when he had had but little official experience, he
Avas called to the most important of the secretaryships of
State, that of Foreign Affairs. He held the portfolio for
only six months, until Mr. Gladstone's third Administration
fell ; but the juncture was a critical one, and the masterly
way in which he dealt with the serious difficulties which
had arisen in the East of Europe, in connection with Greece
and with Bulgaria, showed his statesmanship to be of a very
high order. His next great achievement was as first Chair-
man of the London County Council, a post of exceptional
difficulty, from which the most self-reliant of men might
have quailed, but which Lord Rosebery held with signal
success. At first he was looked at askance by the more
extreme members of the Progressive party: long before he
retired he had won the confidence of all sections of both
parties. In 1894 he succeeded Mr. Gladstone as Prime
Minister, and shortly afterwards Avon the Derby with " Ladas."

54 UNIVERSAL PORTRAIT GALLERY.

MRS. HUMPHRY WARD.

If the novel with a purpose is not the highest form of
fiction, none but a shallow and intolerant criticism would
allege that it has become obsolete. The widespread interest
excited by " Robert Elsmere," by " David Grieve, ' and more
recently by " Marcella " — an interest not confined to this
country, nor to this hemisphere — would of itself be sufficient
to negative the contention. Of the first of the three, more
than half a million copies have been sold in America ; and
it has been translated into German, Dutch, and Danish. The
most censorious of its author's critics must concede to her
distinction of style, considerable invention, and deep insight.
And to this it must be added that she has wide learning
and an intellect hardly less powerful than George EUot's.
The eldest daughter of Thomas Arnold, author of "A Manual
of English Literature " and second son of Dr. Arnold of
Rugby, Mrs. Ward was born at Hobart in 1851,. her father
having gone out to Tasmania to hold an educational appoint-
ment, and having there married the granddaughter of the
famous Governor Sorell. In 1872 she was married to Mr. T.
Humphry Ward, then a tutor of Brasenose College, Oxford,
now art-critic of the Times, and author of a life of Hum-
phry Sandwith, and other works. The settlement known as
University Hall, of which she was one of the founders, is
conducted on the theological lines laid doAvn in her works.
Not to speak of the stories which preceded " Robert Elsmere,"
she has made many contributions to the reviews, and has
translated Amiel's " Journal Intime."

Photo : Bassano, Old Bond Street, 11^.

^y^Kd^ i/9. kfOyi^ ,

UNIVERSAL PORTRAIT GALLERY.

Interioe of a Synagogue.

THE CHIEF RABBI.

The Kev. Hermann Abler, M.A., Ph.D., is son of the late
-Dr. Nathan Adler, whom he succeeded as Chief Rabbi oi
the United Congregations of the British Empire in 1891.
Like his father, he is a native of Hanover, where he was
born in 1839. He studied at University College, London, at
Leipsic, and at Prague, became Principal of the Jews' College
in London in 1863, was appointed Minister of the Bayswater
Synagogue in the following year, and in 1879 was chosen
Delegate Chief Rabbi. Dr. Adler is part-author of a reply
to the late Dr. Colenso's much- canvassed criticisms on the
Pentateuch and the Book of Joshua. He has also published
a course of sermons defending his faith from the attacks of
the orthodox, in addition to other works, devotional and
historical, as well as polemical, among them a discourse
entitled " Is Judaism a Missionary Faith ? " a reply to
Professor Max Mllller, who in a course of lectures on relisrion
had maintained that it was not. Nor are these his only
services to his co-religionists. He is an active educationist,
and has organised an efficient system of visitation among
indigent Jews in the East of London.

Photo: London Pho!osraphic Co., Regtnt Street, IV

UNIVERSAL PORTRAIT GALLERY.

The Champs Elysees.

M. ALEXANDRE DUMAS.

The son of the author of " Monte Cristo," born at Paris on
the 28th of July, 1824, is in most respects the antithesis of
his father. In the latter we find action, passion, imagination,
and above all, exuberance ; in his son we have the precision
of a mathematician and the didactics of a moralist. He has
published novels, but it is as a dramatist that he has to be
reckoned with. His first success was the Dame aux Gamelias,
which appeared in 1848, and has become so familiar in this
country from the performances of Mme. Bernhardt and others.
This, however, was written under the influence of the Victor
Hugo drama ; and it Avas not till he produced the Demi-
monde, seven years later, that he began to work his own
vein. Among his subsequent pieces are La Princesse Georges
(1872), Monsieur Alphonse (1873), Lttrangere (1876), Denise
(1885), and Francillon (1887). It has been the fate of his
pieces to provoke much angry criticism ; but their dramatic
merit is of so high an order that they have had to be ac-
cepted, remorseless as they are. M. Dumas was elected a
member of the French Academy so long ago as 1875.

^, j^^^^^' 7

60 UNIVERSAL PORTRAIT GALLERY.

iii<tj'.i-'riJ~'.jruja-riutL-"L.n_n ru'Li-'.i^" ~J7.-~u~u7-X-Tj^"xr7.xuT j7iiiJTJT1j7j5Ju71jnju.au

:i-va-j-uriiruna"''J~uu -^ri£ri3n£rTiiri!lris!j~XTjnir"irTirUn!rfentrTj'ty^ir&^ iifijtU ikn«?

LADY BUTLER.

The painter of "The Roll Call," who ceased to be Miss
Elizabeth Thompson in 1877, when she appropriately became
the wife of a distinguished soldier, Major-General Sir William
Francis Butler, was born at Lausanne, daughter of the late
Mr. Thomas J. Thompson, by his wife Christina, daughter of
Mr. T. B. Weller. She began to handle the pencil at Prest-
bury, near Cheltenham, when she was a little girl of five ; but
two or three years afterwards her parents took up their
residence in Italy, and her art-training virtually began at
Florence, and was continued at Kensington. She first exhi-
bited at the Royal Academy in 1873, her picture being
entitled " Missing." To the next shoAv she sent " The Roll
Call," Avhich was emphatically the picture of the year, and
found a purchaser in the Queen. This was followed by " The
Twenty-eighth at Quatre Bras" in 1875, "Balaclava" in
1876, and "Inkermann" in 1877 — the two last, however,
being shown in Bond Street. Among the more striking of
her subsequent works are " 'Listed for the Connaught
Rangers: Recruiting in Ireland" (1879), "The Defence of
Rorke's Drift" and "Dr. Brydon at Jellalabad " (1881), "The
Charge of the Scots Greys at Waterloo " and " Floreat
Etona!" (1882), the incident in the attack on Laing's Nek to
which Lord Rosebery referred on a memorable occasion; and
"Evicted" (1890).

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Photo: Barrands, LimUed. Oxford Strut, IK

62 UNIVERSAL PORTRAIT GALLERY.

A 110-TOx Gun at Elswick.

LORD ARMSTRONG, LL.D., D.C.L.

The founder of the Elswick Engineering Works is the son of
a merchant and alderman of Newcastle-on-Tj^ne, where he
was born in 1810. Though his inclinations were all for
mechanics, he was articled to a firm of solicitors, and it was
not till 1846 that he finally severed himself from the law.
Eight years before this, however, he had expounded the
ideas which issued in the invention of the " accumulator,"
one of the greatest improvements ever effected in hydraulic
machinery. The hydro-electric machine, which in 1846
procured his admission into the Royal Society, and the
hydraulic crane were other inventions of his while still an
amateur mechanician. The ElsAvick Works were established
in 1846, and here in 1854 he constructed the Rifled Ordnance
Gun that bears his name. In 1858 it was adopted by the
Government, its inventor being knighted, made a C.B., and
appointed Engineer of Rifled Ordnance. This post he held
until 1863, when he resigned, and returned to Elswick. Lord
Armstrong was President of the British Association in 1863,
received an LL.D. from Cambridge in 1862, and a D.C.L. from
Oxford in 1870, has been President of the Institute of Mechanical
Engineers, and was created a peer in 1887, the year of the
Queen's Jubilee.

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UNIVERSAL PORTRAIT GALLERY.

Hatfield House.

THE MARQUIS OF SALISBURY.

The lord of Hatfield has twice in his career exemplified the
aphorism that what happens is the unexpected. He was
born in 1830, second son of the second marquis ; and it was
only three years before his father's death that, by the death
of his elder brother, he became heir to the peerage. On
entering the House of Lords he at once took rank among
the greatest of its debaters. But the late Lord Derby had
prior claims to the succession to the Conservative leadership,
and it Avas not till his retirement from the Foreign Office
in 1878 that the path to the supreme place Avas clear. Lord
Salisbury's first Ministry, in 1885, lasted only a few months ;
his second, formed in 1886, endured till 1892. Although a
brilliant litterateur, pre-eminent among statesmen for the
precision and polish of his speeches, Lord Salisbury's chief
interest, apart from politics, is science, and especially chemical
and electrical science ; and he was President of the British
Association when, in 1894, it visited Oxford, of whose Uni-
versity he is Chancellor. The trenchant address which he
delivered from the chair on the enigmas of science will not
soon be forsfotten.

Pholo : J. Fhiltips, Belfast.

y^^---^

UNIVERSAL PORTRAIT GALLERY.

A Medieval Market Scene.

MRS. J. R. GREEN.

During the life of her gifted husband, the most popular his-
torical writer since Macaulay, Mrs. J. R. Green was his help-
meet in a literary as well as in the domestic sense : and since
his too early death she has continued her studies inde-
pendently, and won for herself a distinct place in the ranks ot
our historians. Her "Town Life in the Fifteenth Century,"
though planned on a large scale and abounding in detail,
shows how interesting a remote period may be made by one
who to competent scholarship adds sympathy and imagina-
tion. As a leading review justly said, her power of blending
together insignificant and isolated facts into a picturesque
and harmonious narrative invests the book with no small
share of artistic merit ; and if a slight tendency to exaggeration
may here and there be seen, it cannot be denied that she
has adequately mastered her facts. Although she speaks of
" the compunction and dismay " with which she faced the
task, the work is a worthy memorial to the great writer
to whose memory it is dedicated, and whos3 spirit inspired
its production. Mrs. Green's next contribution to historical
literature will be awaited with more than ordinary interest,
and judged by the high standard which she has herself set.

Ftom the Portrait by Miss Kate McCauslaiid, in the possession o/ Laay Grey.

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UNIVERSAL PORTBAIT GALLERY.

At Louedes.

M. ZOLA.

The works of the naturalistic school of French novelists are
never likely to appeal with much success to the Anglo-
Saxon race, and even in his own country a reaction against
them has set in. The realistic method undoubtedly has
its legitimate place in the art of fiction, and the English
novel has been appreciably influenced by it ; but followed as
M. Zola has chosen to pursue it, it inevitably leads to
longueurs, and to worse. On the other hand, his good faith
is not likely to be suspected by any who .have read his
novels in the light of his critical studies. From these it is
clear that he is an enthusiast for an idea, with a faith in it
as unwavering as ever possessed a religious reformer. Nor
can it be denied that he is one of the greatest hterary forces
of the age, or that his work, as one of the prime factors in
the evolution the novel is now undergoing, will live after
him, whatever may be the fate of his books. The Rougon-
Macquart series of twenty volumes ended in 1893 with
" Docteur Pascal," and this has been followed by " Lourdes,"
which, intended by its author as a sympathetic treatment of
the phenomena of faith-healing, has nevertheless given offence
to the devout. M. Zola, who is a native of Paris, Avhere he
was born in 1840, is a Knight of the Legion of Honour,
but has knocked in vain at the doors of the Academy.

70 UNIVERSAL PORTRAIT GALLERY.

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A Hindoo Mosque.

MR. RUDYARD KIPLING.

To Mr. Kipling is due the revival of the short story, and
without controversy he is, among English writers, the greatest
living master of this deceitfully simple " form." He was
born at Bombay in 1865, son of an Anglo-Indian ; but his
early years were spent at Southport. When he returned to
India, he entered upon a journalistic career. Anglo-Indians
soon discovered that they had " a chiel amang them takin'
notes" in another than the journalist's sense, and before long
his wonderfully brilliant and vivid tales were in such request
that he was able to give himself up wholly to their produc-
tion. Presently a collection of his stories was brought out in
England, and at once his name was on everybody's tongue.
Among his most notable volumes are "Plain Tales from the
Hills," " Story of the Gadsbys," " Life's Handicap," and " Many
Inventions." In " The Light that Failed," the brilliance that
marks his shorter stories is successfully maintained throughout
His genius is hardly less apparent in his poetry, and es-
pecially in his songs of the barrack-room, than in his contes.

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72 UNIVERSAL PORTRAIT GALLERY.

MISS ADA REHAN.

The lady who has given us the most enchanting presentment
of Rosalind and of Viola which the present generation has
seen is of Irish origin. She was born at Limerick in 1859,
but was taken to America at the age of six, and owes nothing
to her native land, therefore, but her genius. At sixteen she
made her debut in a version of L'Assommoir at Albany, New
York State. Then, having spent a few months in strenuous
study, she was engaged for the company formed by Mrs. John
Drew, mother of the gentleman with whom she was to be so
closely associated in after-years. She at once made her mark,
and before long had the satisfaction of taking important parts
with Edwin Booth and other lights of the American stage.
Within two years she went to New York, was seen, and
conquered. She joined " Mr. Augustin Daly's company in
1879, and was first seen in England in 1884 ; it Avas
not, however, till 1890 that the English public came to feel
that a bright particular star had arisen in the theatrical
firmament. It was the fire and vivacity of her Katherine
in The Taming of the Shrew that first brought her into
general esteem; and when Katherine had become Rosalind,
both the critics and the public were taken by storm. The
talent which found expression in these parts has since been
displayed in Twelfth Night, in The Foresters, in The
Rivals, and in other pieces a good deal less worthy of it ;
and Miss Rehan is now generally recognised as one of the
two greatest English-speaking actresses of the age. Without
her, Daly's Theatre, which was opened in 1893, would never
have been.

74 UNIVERSAL PORTRAIT GALLERY.

THE REV. DR. MARTINEAU.

Dr. Martineau is perhaps the most wonderful of all the
eminent octogenarians now living. In his ninetieth year — he
was born at Norwich on the 21st of April, 1805 — he is four
years the senior of Mr. Gladstone, while Prince Bismarck is ten
years his junior. Yet contributions from his pen on abstruse
questions in theology and philosophy occasionally appear in the
reviews, and if some of his natural force is abated, his eye is
not yet dim, nor has his tall figure, still straight as a lance,
lost much of its activity. Dr. Martineau, Avho was for many
years Principal of Manchester New College, now removed to
Oxford, has made for himself a lasting name in philosophy.
George Eliot speaks of his "incessant eloquence of ex-
pression ; " John Stuart Mill, different as were his modes
of thought, greatly admired his genius; Mr. Gladstone has
testified to his incomparable services to religious thought ;
and Tennyson, as a member of the famous Metaphysical
Society, declared that he was the greatest of them all He
is a D.C.L. of Oxford, a D.D. of Edinburgh, an LL.D. of
Harvard, and a T.D. (Doctor of Theology) of Leyden. The
results of his philosophical studies and speculations are
gathered up in " Types of Ethical Theory," in " A Study of
Religion," and in " The Seat of Authority in Religion ; " but
the full charm of his mind is best felt in his " Hours of
Thought on Sacred Things," in which he is seen to be at
once poet, seer, and philosopher. " Dull fools " they must
indeed be who fail to see the beauty of " divine philosophy "
as presented in Dr. Martineau 's works.

From the Portrait by Mr. A. E. Emslie, A.R.ir.S.

76 UNIVERSAL PORTRAIT GALLERY.

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Cheistiania.

HENRIK IBSEN.

The Norwegian dramatist has probably elicited more hostile
criticism than any artist since Wagner, with whom, however,
he is in no other sense to be compared. Whatever fault
may be found with his plays of modern life on ethical or
aesthetic grounds, no one who is familiar with his Brand
and Peer Gynt, not to speak of his Emperor and Galilean
or of his other historic dramas, can deny that he is a great
poet, nor will any fair-minded critic contend that he is not
a great satirist. Equally must his intimate knowledge of
stage-craft be admitted. This was acquired as director, first
of the theatre at Bergen (1852-57), and then of the National
Theatre, Christiania. Dr. Ibsen, Avho was born at Skien in
1828, has had more than the ordinary share of poverty and
neglect, even in the case of innovators. But for years past
he has had a large following in all parts of Europe, and
even those who dislike his tone and methods too much to
give him a hearing, have perforce to read him. To one of
his ironic turn of mind the irreconcilable meanings that have
been read into his productions must be highly amusing.
What if the Tendenz theories of his pieces are all alike wrong ?

FfiDto: E. HohUnberg, Cofenhagen.

*vdijwnA>£. o\l^ W\-»

78 UNIVERSAL PORTRAIT GALLEBT.

MR. G. F. WATTS, R.A.

The most spiritual and one of the most poetic of English
painters now living was born in London in 1820. He first
attracted attention with his cartoon " Caractaciis led in
Triumph through the Streets of Rome," which was exhibited
in Westminster Hall in 1842, and obtained a prize of £800.
In a similar competition a foAv years later he carried oif a
prize ■ of £500 with his " Echo " and his " Alfred inciting
the Saxons to prevent the Landing of the Danes." Among
other great works are "Paolo and Francesca" and "Fata
Morgana" (1848); "The Good Samaritan" (1850), presented
by the artist to the citizens of Manchester for their Town
Hall; "The Return of the Dove to the Ark" (1869), "Love
and Death" (1877), "The Four Horses of the Revelation"
(1883), and "Hope" (1886), so frequently reproduced. In
1880 he began a series of striking portraits, which he is
understood to have bequeathed to the nation. A great
believer in mural paintings, his "Red Cross Knight over-
coming the Dragon" adorns one of the waiting-halls in
St. Stephen's Palace, his " School of Legislation " is in the
dining-hall of Lincoln's Inn, and his mosaic "Time, Death,
and Judgment " is displayed on the exterior of St. Jude's
Church, Whitechape]. Mr. Watts, who has refused a baronetcy,
offered in recognition of his generosity as well as of his
genius, has been an R.A. since 1868.

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UNIVERSAL PORTRAIT GALLERY.

A CONCEET IN THE ToWN HaLL, MeLBOUENE.

MADAME MELBA.

The most popular of present-day prime donne has in her
choice of a stage name prettily associated herself with the
Antipodean city where she was born. Like Mme. Eames
and so many other great singers, she studied under Mme.
Marchesi in Paris. It was not there, however, but in
Brussels, at the Theatre de la Monnaie, that she made her
debiit, on the 15th of October, 1887. The piece was Rigoletto,
and the silvery clearness of her voice was hardly more
admired than her brilliant executive power. The favour-
able impression she made at Brussels was followed up in
the following year by her successful appearance as Lucia at
Co vent Garden. In 1889 she charmed the Parisians with
her Ophelia. As an executant of the rococo music of con-
ventional Italian opera, Mme. Melba has now no superior
and few equals. Nor can her capacity for modern opera be
doubted by anyone who has seen and heard her as Elsa,
or as Elaine, in the opera of that name which was written
specially for her by Bemberg, and produced in London
in 1892.

UNIVERSAL PORTRAIT GALLERY.

PROFESSOR HUXLEY.

Since the death of Professor Tyndall, Professor Huxley has
had no rival as a popular expositor of science. Even Tyndall,
with all his lucidity and imagination, was less gifted, in a
literary sense, than his friend, for to equal acumen and
force the latter adds a pungent humour all his own. Nor
is he simply an expositor. Between the day w^hen he was
appointed naturalist to the Rattlesnake and the attainment
of his sixtieth year, when he resigned his appointments — his
doctrine being that at the age of sixty a man of science has
done all the original work that may be expected of him —
he made many important contributions to various branches of
science. The principle of natural selection, and the general
theory of evolution, owe much to his trenchant pen, as Darwin
was one of the first to acknowledge. Professor Huxley
has received nearly all the honours usually offered to learned
men in his Une of research, having been President of the
Royal Society, of the Geological Society, and of the British
Association, Rede Lecturer at Cambridge, and Lord Rector of
Aberdeen University, and having received honorary doctorates
from Cambridge, Edinburgh, Dublin, and Breslau. He was
born at Ealing in 1825, was educated at Ealing School, of
which his father was one of the masters, studied medicine at
the Charing Cross Hospital, and took the diploma of the
Royal College of Surgeons in 1846, in order to qualify him-
self for the medical service of the Royal Navy. Although in
a sense he has now joined the reserve forces, he appears to
have lost little of his keen delight in battle.

UNIVERSAL PORTRAIT GALLERY.

The British Embassy, Paeis.

THE MARQUIS OF DUFFERIN
AND AVA.

The most brilliant and accomplished of British diplomatists,
and one of the ablest of British administrators, is a de-
scendant of Sheridan, and was born in 1826. His first
notable achievement was his treatment, as British Commis-
sioner in 1860, of the difficult question of the massacre of
Christians in Syria. After this he was for some years an
Under-Secretary, first for India, then at the War Office. From
1867 to 1872 he was Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster,
and was next appointed Governor-General of Canada. In
1878 he became ambassador at St. Petersburg ; in 1882 he
went to Cairo, and formulated a brand-ncAv Constitution for
Egypt, which has " marched " better than might have been
anticipated ; from 1884 to 1888 he was Viceroy of India ; then
he was appointed Ambassador at Rome, and in 1892 suc-
ceeded Lord Lytton as Ambassador at Paris. An elegant
scholar, an admirable speaker, a versatile and graceful writer,
Lord Dufterin has received many academical honours, in-
cluding the honorary degree of LL.D. from Cambridge
University, and has also been Lord Rector of St. Andrew's.

^^-^^

86 UNIVERSAL PORTRAIT GALLERY.

L^i^lnlr>J-l■J-^^^■r^r.2^u^Jla^J^^nJ^^nla^nJl^■JlJ^^^

MRS. ASQUITH.

The scene in St. George's, Hanover Square, on the 10th of
May, 1894, when Miss Margot Tennant was married to the
Home Secretary, in j)resence of" a company more distinguished
than is generally found at any except a royal function,
formed a fitting climax to a brilliant career. The ceremony
was performed by a bishop, assisted by a canon ; and the
marriage register was signed by Mr. Gladstone, by Lord
Rosebery, and by Mr. Arthur Balfour. It is not surprising
that with wit, vivacity, and beauty such as hers she should
have become one of the best-kno^vn and best-liked figures in
London Society. She is the youngest of the twelve children
of Sir Charles Tennant, Bart, who was elected M.P. for
Glasgow in 1879, and from 1880 to 1885 sat for Peebles and
Selkirk ; her mother being daughter of a Somersetshire gentle-
man, Richard Winsloe, Esq., of Mount Nebor, Taunton. Her
paternal home is The Glen, a lovely seat not far from Inner-
leithen, the town on the Tweed which has with more courage
than righteousness sought to identify itself with the locus in
quo of Sir Walter Scott's "St. Ronan's Well." Of her six
brothers, the three first did not live to grow up. One of her
five sisters, Charlotte Monkton, is the wife of Lord Ribbles-
dale. Master of the Buckhounds ; another, Octavia Laura Mary,
now deceased, was married to the Hon. Alfred Lyttelton.

Photo: Miss Alice Hughes, 52, Cower Street, IKC.

^'<iiM^^a^

UNIVERSAL PORTRAIT GALLERY.

Entrance to the Comedie Fbanjaise.

M. B.-C. COQUELIN.

The elder of the Brothers Coquelin is the son of a Boulogne
baker. He was bom in 1841, and was intended to follow his
father's trade, but, having a strong desire for the stage, was
admitted to the dramatic class at the Conservatoire in 1859.
There -he was not long in proving himself M. Kegnier's
most brilliant pupil. He made his debut in 1860, at the
Comedie rran9aise, as Gros Rene, in Le Depit Amoureux.
Since then he has appeared in a long list of pieces, both
classical and modem, and is now generally held to be the
most versatile and finished comedian in Europe. Among his
favourite roles are those of Scapin, Don Cesar, Aristide in
Le Lion Amoureux, and Leopold in Les Fourchambault.
Since his secession from the Comedie Fran9aise he has
travelled extensively, both in France and in other countries;
and by his exquisite recitations has done much to promote
the fame of Fran9ois Coppee, of Mistral, and of others of the
younger French poets. The first of his visits to England was
in 1878.

UNIVERSAL PORTRAIT GALLERY.

Phcto : Pti'h f- G' , J^cL-n/r

DuEHAM Cathedral.

THE BISHOP OF DURHAM.

Even to the See of Durham it is a notable distinction to
have been presided over in succession by such profound
scholars as its late and its present bishop. If Dr. Westcott
is not more learned than was Dr. Lightfoot, and is a some-
what less viq'orous and acute controversialist, he is on the
whole, by virtue of his singular candour and sweet reason-
ableness, an even more effective defender of the faith.
Among his best-known works are his admirable History
of the Canon, which is a model of fairness, his " In-
troduction to the New Testament," his " Gospel of the
Resurrection," and his " Social Aspects of Christianity." Bom
in 1825, he had a brilliant career at Cambridge, was appointed
a Canon of Peterborough in 1869, and afterwards of West-
minster, became Professor of Divinity at Cambridge in 1870,
and was elevated to his present office in 1890. He has made
an earnest study of " applied Christianity," and intervened,
with the happiest results, in the great strike among the
Durham miners. Respected and beloved in his own diocese,
he has won the regard of men of all communions, as well as
of those who stand outside the Churches.

Photo: //. 7- Whittock. Birmingh

^^U*^<^?^w4^

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UNIVERSAL POnrnAIT GALLERY.

MRS. PATRICK CAMPBJELL.

Among the younger actresses who have risen to distinction
of late, Mrs. Patrick Campbell holds a leading place. Her
first phase was that of melodrama. We may be quite sure,
from the high intelligence and absolute sincerity of her
subsequent work, that the roles she sustained at the Adelphi
were little enough to her taste. But beginners must not be
choosers ; and it would be rash to assume that the time
thus spent was wasted. It is certain, at any rate, that the
parts allotted to her did not altogether obscure her striking
gifts. To a few discerning eyes it was clear that she was
capable of much better things, though probably no one was
quite prepared for the transformation which was witnessed
when she appeared as Paula Tanqueray. The part was one
of unusual difficulty. Something, at least, had to be done
to make Mr. Tanqueray's devotion to his second wife seem
more than the fond infatuation of a sentimentalist, while,
on the other hand, it was necessary to lay stress upon
the faults of character and the infelicities of temperament
which prevented community of feeling between her and her
step-daughter, and made the denoilment inevitable, or, at all
events, probable. What insight and skill could do to reconcile
the antinomies of the part was done; and the impersonation
was universally admired for its subtlety and concentrated
power. Mrs. Patrick Campbell's part in The Masqueraders
was less to her liking, which is not surprising ; but the
world Avill be greatly disappointed if the brilliant success she
achieved in Mr. Pinero's clever, if not wholly satisfying, play
is not repeated in many another piece.

94 UNIVERSAL PORTRAIT GALLERY.

JOSEF ISRAELS.

The painter of Dutcli fisher men and women, of Dutch
peasants and their children, Josef Israels is to Holland very
much what Jean Fran9ois Millet was to France. He was born
,at Grbningen on the 27th of January, 1827, and is one of
the few instances of a Jew who has attained to the highest
distinction in the pictorial arts. For years he studied the
Talmud, with a view of becoming a Rabbi, but this idea was
presently abandoned, and he was installed in his father's bill-
broking office. While so occupied he gave his spare time to
drawing, and then to painting. His first success was the portrait
of a neighbour, a prosperous confectioner, who paid him in
kind, with an immense tart ! Then, having sufficiently proved
his unfitness for a commercial career, he was sent to Amster-
dam to study art. After this he went to Paris, and entered
the studio of Picot, returning to Amsterdam in 1848, to begin
a series of historical pictures. It was not, however, till he
went to the Httle fishing village of Zandvoort, near Haarlem,
to recruit his broken health, that he found in his primitive
surroundings the inspiration which has given vitality and
permanent value to his work. One of the first of his long
line of pictures of simple pathos was " Past Mother's Grave,"
painted in 1856. "The Shipwrecked Mariner" was finished
in 1862, for the International Exhibition. " The Convalescent
Child " is another famous work ; and " Expectation," presented
to the Metropolitan Gallery at New York, and showing a
peasant's wife seated beside a yet unfilled cradle, is remark-
aljle for its fine colouring as well as for its delicate feeling.

Photo: A. J. At. Steinnutz, The Hagvt.

Qy<r7^<AJl^J^

UNIVERSAL PORTRAIT GALLERY.

The Palace, Dresden.

THE KING OF SAXONY.

His Majesty King Albert was born on the 23rd of April,
1828. He received a thorough military education, took part
in the Danish War of 1848, and when his father assumed
the crown was made Commander of the Saxon Infantry, with
the title of Lieutenant-General. His father having, under the
guidance of Yon Beust, adopted an Austrian poUcy, he fought
at Sadowa on the Austrian side ; but when Saxony joined the
North German Confederation, the Prussian King appointed
him Commander-in-Chief of the Saxony army, which became
the 12th Corps of the Federal army. In the Franco-German
War he greatly distinguished himself, taking part in the
actions before Metz and in the operations which ended in the
surrender of Napoleon at Sedan, and holding the right bank
of the Seine during the siege of Paris ; and on the conclusion
of the armistice he was made Field-Marshal and Inspector-
General of the Army. He succeeded to the throne on the
29th of October, 1873. He had married Caroline, daughter of
the late Prince Gustavus Yasa of Sweden, on the 18th of June,
1853, but the union has been without issue; and his brother,
Field-Marshal Prince George, is heir-presumptive.

UNIVERSAL PORTRAIT GALLERY.

Photo: IV. Lawrence, Dubiin.

Dublin Casxlk

LORD HOUGHTON.

SixcE his advent to the Viceregal Lodge, his Excellency the
Lord-Lieutenant of Ireland has borne himself with admirable
composure and dignity in peculiarly trying circumstances
which need not here be enlarged upon. Son of the first
Lord Houghton, better known as Monckton Milnes, the poet
and essayist, and author of the standard Life of Keats, he
was born on the 12th of January, 1858. In 1875 he was
successful in the prize poem competition at Cambridge, to
the great delight of his father, who knew nothing of the
matter until the prize had been awarded. He Avas private
secretary to the late Earl Granville in 1883-4, was a Lord-
in- Waiting in the first Home Rule Government in 1886, and
was nominated for the Lord-Lieutenancy of Ireland on Mr.
Gladstone's return to power in 1892. In his twenty-third
year he married Sibyl Marcia, daughter of Sir Frederick
Graham, Bart., of Netherby ; the issue of the union being ■
one son and three daughters. Lady Houghton died in 1887 ;
and the honours of the Viceregal Lodge have been done by
the Hon. Mrs. Henniker, his Excellency's sister.

^1 ,iiy.|,|.ij ij^^,«;«^ I jMijiiMmwi-^i

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Photo : tyerner and Son, Dublin-

100 UNIVERSAL PORTRAIT GALLERY.

THE HON. BENJAMIN HARRISON.

The leader of the Republican Party in the United States,
born in 1833, near Cincinnati, has a distinguished ancestry.
His grandfather, William Henry Harrison, was ninth JPre-
sident of the Republic; his great-grandfather, Benjamin, was
one of the signatories of the Declaration of Independence ;
and he traces his descent back to the Commissioner Harrison
who signed the death-warrant of Charles I. Educated at the
Miami University at Oxford, Ohio, he took to the law, and in
1860, and again in 1864, was elected reporter of the Supreme
Court of Indiana. In the Civil War, as commander of a
brigade, he fought at the battles of Reasca, Peach-tree Creek,
and Nashville, and was awarded the brevet of brigadier-general
of volunteers for his "ability and manifest energy and gallantry."
In 1880 he was elected Governor of Indiana, and was returned
to the Senate by that State in 1881. He was a standard-
bearer in the campaign which resulted in the election of
General Garfield to the Presidency, but declined the portfolio
which was offered to him when the new Cabinet was formed.
He took a prominent part, however, in the deliberations of the
Senate, and became known as the strenuous advocate of pro-
tective duties on imports, of reform in the Civil Service, and of
a restoration of the American Navy. In 1888, having become
the Republican leader, he was elected to the Presidency. The
tariff policy of his Government, however, created Avidespread
dissatisfaction, and in 1892 he had to give place to General
Cleveland. Afterwards he accepted a Professorship of Law in
the Leland Stanford University, California.

Photo : y. D. Merritt, ]l\ishittgton.

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102

UNIVERSAL PORTRAIT GALLERY.

The Chamber of Deputiks, feom the Place ue la CoNcoiiLK.

M. CHARLES DUPUY.

The French Premier was born at Le Puy in 1851, the son
of an official at the Prefecture. His first vocation Avas that
of a teacher of philosophy ; then he became a school inspector,
and after holding this appointment for five years he was
elected to the Chamber of Deputies as an advanced Republican.
For five years he sat as a private member, taking office for the
first time at the end of 1892, as a member of M. Ribot's
Ministry. On the fall of that statesman, in March, 1893, he
succeeded to the Premiership. Next he became President oi
the Chamber, and was in the. chair Avhen Vaillant threw
his bomb. AVhat might have been an undignified and
disastrous panic was averted by M. Dupuy's courage and self-
control. " Silence, gentlemen ; the sitting continues ! " said
he, rising, and stretching out his arms. " The next speaker
is M. de Montfort." " The effect of these words," wrote M.
Blowitz, " was like those of a general on the battlefield to
his soldiers before a charge. Cheers went up from every
quarter of the House." Whether M. Dupuy has in him the
making of a great statesman it is for time to show ; but
his country needs no further proof that he is a brave and
resourceful man.

104 UNIVERSAL PORTRAIT GALLERY.

THE COUNTESS OF ABERDEEN.

Her Excellency the Countess of Aberdeen is the youngest
daughter of the first, and sister of the present, Lord Tweed-
mouth. Her mother, noted not less for her talent than for
her beauty, was the daughter of Sir James Hogg, one of the
most distinguished members of the old East India Council.
Her first meeting with Lord Aberdeen, according to Mr.
Stead, was when he was one-and-twenty and she a girl of
eleven. He had been riding across country, and, having lost
his way, came to Guisachan, her father's Inverness-shire
residence, to ask permission to put up his pony for the night
at the lodge. So began a friendship which before long ripened
into love, and ultimately led, in 1877, to the exchange of vows
at the altar. Of the five children of the marriage, one of the
two daughters died in infancy ; the eldest son, George Lord
Haddo, was born on the 20th January, 1879. Like her mother,
Lady Aberdeen is a woman of great ability, who has made her
mark upon the public life of her age. Her services to the Irish
Industries Association may be regarded as her return to the
Irish people for the gratitude and affection which were mani-
fested to her and her husband when they were the occupants
of the Viceregal Lodge. In Canada there is ample scope for
the exercise of her gifts and graces. Already she has organised,
a National Council of Women, representing the various phases
of woman's work in every centre of population in the Dominion;
and it may confidently be expected that when the Governor-
General's term of office expires. Lady Aberdeen will bring with
her from Ottawa, as she brought from Dublin, the love and
regrets of multitudes.

Phot} : tfm. Notman &• Son, Montreal.

J^UU CUxfx^^^'^^^

106

UNIVERSAL POBTltAIT GALLERY.

SiE John Millais' Studio.

SIR J. E. MILLAIS, BART.

Sir John Millais' art has gone through several distinct
phases. The first of them, the Pre-Raphaelite, in which by
a natural reaction beauty was sometimes sacrificed to truth,
may be said to have closed in 1860 with the " Vale of Rest,"
one of the most poetic and pathetic of his works. Then
came a transition period, ending with a triumphant study of
the nude, "The Knight Errant" (1870), and leading on to a
number of memorable achievements in landscape, beginning
Avith "Chill October" (1871). The artist has never tired of
landscape, as recent exhibitions of the Royal Academy show ;
but since about 1880 he has combined with it portraiture,
and has excelled in this branch of his art not less, and
perhaps even more, than in the other. Among his greatest
triumphs in this kind have been his presentments of Mr. John
Bright, of Cardinal Newman, of Lord Salisbury, and, above all
perhaps, of Mr. Gladstone, who has sat to him several times.
Sir John, who is descended from an old Jersey family, was
bom at Southampton in 1829. He was made A.R.A. in
1853, became R.A. in 1863, and received his baronetcy in
1885.

108

UlilVEBSAL PORTS AIT GALLERY.

HiTCHIN.

SIE HENRY HAWKINS,

Mr. Justice Hawkins is a lawyer by birth, being the son of
a soHcitor long in practice at Hitchin. Born there in 1816,
he was educated at Bedford. It was not till his twenty-sixth
year that he was called to the Bar, but his success was rapid,
and before he had completed his thirtieth year he found his
hands full of briefs. In 1858 he took silk, was elected a
Bencher of the Middle Temple, and from this time until in
1876 he was elevated to the Bench and knighted he was
engaged in most of the great causes of the day— notably the
convent case of Saurin v. Star, the prosecution of the im-
postor Orton, and the St. Leonard's will suit. At the Bar
he was noted for lucidity and cogency rather than for fervour
of speech, and still more for his skill in cross-examination.
His dissection of Baigent and other witnesses in the Tich-
borne suit was hardly less admired than the operation
performed by his leader. Sir John Coleridge, on the Claimant
himself. In the prosecution of Orton he led for the Crown,
opening the case with a masterly narrative of the facts,
which, free as it was from verbiage, occupied a week. One
of the strongest of our judges. Sir Henry's retirement from
the Bench would be welcomed by the evil-doers to whom he
makes the law a terror — and by none besides.

UNIVERSAL POUTBAIT GALLERY.

Beegen.

BJORNSTJERNE BJORNSON.

The Norwegian poet, dramatist, novelist, and politician is the
son of a Lutheran clergyman, and was born in the parish of
Quickne, Northern Norway, in 1832. In 1856, under an
impulse received from the International Students' Reunion at
Upsala, he resolved to create a national drama, free from
Danish and French influences, and a national literature. His
first effort, an idyllic story of peasant life, was translated into
English under the title of " Love and Life in Norway," and Avas
followed in 1858 by "Arne." Others are " Ovind," " The Fisher
Maiden," "The Happy Boy," "The Newl3'-married Couple,"
and " The Bridal March." His later novels, such as " In
God's Way," and " The Heritage of the Kurts," are much more
didactic than the earlier ones. In 1858 Bjornson became
director of the theatre at Bergen, and made his debut as a
dramatist with Between the Battles and Limping Hulda, both
of them on national subjects. A many-sided man, he has
written some delightful lyrical pieces, and also an epic,
"Arnljot Gelline" — full of faults of construction, but instinct
with graceful sensibility. Unlike Dr. Ibsen, Bjornson is a
vigorous politician, who is never tired of preaching Radical
and Republican doctrine.

Photo: B. Hohtenbers:, Copenhagai.

112 UNIVERSAL PORTRAIT GALLERY.

MRS. BANCROFT. '

Marie Wilton's stage career began when she was little more
than an infant. Her first notions of acting and of elocution
were derived from her mother and father, the latter of whom
she has described as " a handsome, thoughtless, kind-hearted
Bohemian, who had drifted on to the stage after unsuccess-
fully trying several other professions." When she was eleven
she acted as the boy Fleance, in Macbeth, with Macready, who
at the close of the performance sent for her, kissed her, made
her drink a glass of wine, gave her a sovereign, and said,
gazing into her eyes, that he could see genius looking through
those Uttle windows. As Prince Arthur in King John, she
won Charles Kemble's admiration ; while Dickens, seeing her
in another boy's part, declared that she was the cleverest
girl he had ever seen on the stage. It was in 1865 that,
with the co-operation of H. J. Byron, she became lessee and
manager of the Prince of Wales's Theatre ; then, having been
married to Mr. Bancroft, and having met T. W. Robertson,
she abandoned burlesque for comedy. For a good while she
limited herself, for the most part, to Robertson's pieces, three
thousand nights in all being occupied with his six comedies.
Her favourite Robertsonian parts are those of Naomi Tighe in
School, and Polly Eccles in Caste; but her mercurial genius
was equally well displayed as Peg AYoffington in Charles
Reade's Masks and Faces, the part in which she took her
leave of the stage in 1885. Happily, however, it was not a
final farewell ; and we may hope that the time is still not
near when the English stage will no more know an actress of
rare charm and almost unrivalled gaiety.

Photo: Ifindoiv & Grove, Baktr Street, IK

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114 UNIVERSAL PORTRAIT GALLERY.

MR. THOMAS ALVA EDISON.

The great American inventor was born in humble circum-
stances at Milan, Ohio, in 1847, and is of Dutch descent on
the father's side and Scottish on the mother's. An eager,
precocious boy, he had devoured Newton's " Principia," Hume's
" England," and Gibbon's " Rome " before he was ten, and at
the age of twelve began to "work through" the Detroit
Public Library, shelf by shelf — a task which, fortunately for
himself, he had to abandon when he had waded through
"fifteen feet of shelving." Presently he became a newsboy on
the Grand Trunk Railway, then he was appointed a telegraph
operator, getting his first instruction from the father of a
little child whom he had pluckily saved from death. Next,
he carried on an extensive workshop at Newark ; but, his
health breaking down, he gave up manufacturing, and in
1876 removed to Menlo Park, New York, where he has since
resided, devoting himself entirely to investigation. At the
age of twenty-four he was described by the United States
Patent Commissioner as " a young man who has kept the path
to the Patent Office hot with his footsteps." Among the
more notable of his inventions are the quadruplex telegraph,
the automatic telegraph, the electro-motograph, the micro-
phone, and the application of electricity to railways. In the
mind of the populace, however, his name is most prominently
associated with the telephone, and with the still more sur-
prising phonograph. Wonderful as is this latter invention,
its marvels are not unlikely to pale before those of the
more recent kinetoscope, which photographs subjects invisible
to the naked eye, such as the breathing of insects, and the
circulation of blood in a frog's leg, and reproduces them
highly magnified. Had he chosen, Mr. Edison might have
amassed the wealth of a Croesus, but he spends most of his
income upon his laboratory ; and in the domestic sphere he
finds all that he needs of recreation and diversion.

mamcLA^CL, lLcA

116

UNIVERSAL PORTRAIT GALLERY.

Photo: py. Lxmrence, Dublin.

Maynooth College.

ARCHBISHOP WALSH.

The Catholic Archbishop of Dublin and Primate of Ireland
was born in the Irish metropolis in 1841, His early edu-
cation was received in St. Laurence O'Toole's Seminary,
whence he was transferred to the Catholic University of
Ireland, completing his studies at Maynooth. In this college
he became Professor of Theology in 1867, was appointed
Yice-President in 1878, and President in 1880. His prefer-
ment to the see of Dublin dates from 1885. Dr. Walsh has
made several contributions to theological literature, and has
taken an active part in Irish politics. He gave evidence
before the Bessborough Land Commission of 1869-70, and
was one of the witnesses examined by the Parnell Commission.
But he is something more than theologian and politician.
His archiepiscopal province is covered with a network of
temperance organisations; and in trade disputes in Dublin he
has intervened with results as happy as those which attended
the late Cardinal Manning's mediation in the great dock
strike in London. To his communion, as distinct from the
community at large. Dr. Walsh's most conspicuous service
has been rendered in connection with education.

Photo: Urn. Lawteiue, Dublin.

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.„■ £- 0

118 UNIVERSAL PORTRAIT GALLERY.

"MADAME SARAH GRAND."

It is not uncharacteristic of the author of " The Heavenly
Twins " to have chosen this aggressively fantastic nom de
guerre. That she owes much to her reviewers, she, no doubt,
would be the first to admit. On the one hand, it was declared
that her book was one of the most brilliant, and powerful,
and edifying of this generation ; on the other hand, it was
denounced as a product of hysteria and wilful eccentricity,
with something more than a savour of indelicacy. Clearly,
then, the only thing to be done was to read the book ; and
it was read— with the result, we suspect, that the public were
as much divided into two hostile camps as the critics had
been. There are not wanting those, however, who take a
more dispassionate view of the book, and hold that, while
its assailants are right in complaining of its defects of balance
and proportion, its lack of reticence, and its over-insistence
upon its moral, they have failed to do justice to its brilliance,
its humour, its invention, and, still more, to its imaginative
glamour. If this view has not been prominently expounded,
the reason may possibly be that those Avho have the dis-
crimination to hold it, have too much prudence to advocate
it. Our author has also written " Ideala," much more of a
treatise than " The Heavenly Twins," for which it was evidently
a study. More recently she has published "Our Manifold
Nature," which was extensively read, but created nothing
like a sensation. With such extraordinary fertility as Madame
Sarah Grand undoubtedly possesses, it will be surprising if her
one great success is not followed sooner or later by others.

Pko'.o ■ EllioU & Fry, Baker Street, IV,

120 UNIVERSAL PORTRAIT GALLERY.^

Photo: Mr, DowiUc, Aiarket Street, St. Andrews,

A Round of Golf at St. Andeews.

MR A. J. BALFOUR.

Since he became the leader of his party in the House of
Commons, Mr. Balfour's popularity and influence, both in the
House and in the country, have advanced by leaps and
bounds. As one of the members of the Fourth Party, and
afterwards as Chief Secretary for Ireland, he aroused many
antagonisms ; but, if he owed his fame in the first instance to
the censures of his opponents, he has consolidated it by the
urbanity, and the rare powers of debate and of leadership,
which he has displayed during the last few years. Now that
Mr. Gladstone has retired from active public life, Mr. Balfour
has but one superior among his fellow-members in learning
and philosophy, and no superior in debate. He is still a
young man among statesmen, having been born on the 2oth
of July, 1848, son of the late Mr. James Maitland Balfour,
of Whittinghame, and Lady Blanche Mary Harriet, daughter
of the second Marquis of Salisbury. It is not open to him,
as it is to Mr. Chamberlain, to boast that he never takes
exercise ; for, as all the world knows, he is an enthusiastic
golfer.

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122 UNIVERSAL PORTRAIT GALLERY.

MADAME CALVE.

The most delightful of French prime donne was bom about
1866, her father being a civil engineer, who died while she
was a child. She studied in Paris under Madame Marchesi,
but made her debut in Brussels, at the Theatre de la
Monnaie, in 1882. The success she then achieved in Faust
led to her appearance, two years later, in Paris. Having
taken the Parisians by storm, she went into Italy, where her
tour was a triumphal progress. Her first appearance at the
Royal Italian Opera, Covent Garden, was in May, 1892, in
Cavalleria Ritsticana. Here, by virtue of the purity and
sympathetic quality of her voice and its perfect produc-
tion, her charming appearance, and, above all, her singular
dramatic power, she was received with acclamation. A
week later Madame Calve showed forth her versatility by
an equally convincing impersonation of the widely different
part of Suzel in Mascagni's L'Atnico Fritz. In the role in
which our portrait shows her — that of Carmen in her com-
patriot's famous opera — she was seen at Covent Garden for
the first time in the spring season of 1893. "Never before,"
wrote one of the most self-restrained of critics, "has the
character of the wilful gipsy been so superbly interpreted,
alike vocally and dramatically. The music lies low for a pure
soprano voice, but Madame Calve's chest- register is as effec-
tive as are her delightful head-notes." Her appearance in the
same season as Leila in Les Pcclieur8 de Perles was another
notable achievement ; and a few weeks later she had the
honour of singing before the Queen at Windsor Castle.

Photo: Nadar, f-arit.

^^>

124

UNIVERSAL PORTRAIT GALLERY.

MR. H. A. JONES.

The most successful of living English dramatists is still a
young man. Born in 1851, the son of a Buckinghamshire
farmer, he was sent out into the world to shift for himself
at the age of thirteen. At eighteen his first visit to the theatre
proved the turning-point in his career. From that night his
evenings were passed in play- writing and theatre-going ; but his
efforts to get his productions accepted brought him nothing
but disappointment, and at last he left London and took a
situation in a Bradford ofHce. In 1879, however, Mr. Wilson
Barrett accepted A Clerical Error, and thus Mr. Jones's career
as a playwright began. His early plays were mostly con-
ventional in their methods and their point of view, and it was
not till the production of Saints and Sinners in 1884 that he
showed that he was capable of better things than melodrama.
Since then he has taken up different phases of the English
life of to-day, and has treated them with surprising fresh-
ness and vigour. In The Middleman he was concerned with
the struggle between capital and labour ; in Judah with the
conflict between science and spiritualism ; and in The Dancing
Girl with modern Puritanism as opposed to the cynicism and
frivolity of the fashionable. In The Crusaders, again, he
poured an abundant stream of satire upon the follies of
philanthropy, while The Bauble Shop is an exposure of the
seamy side of political life. The Tempter, an ambitious essay
in blank verse, was produced in 1893, and was followed by
The Masqueraders, and this by The Case of Rebellious Susan.

126

UNIVERSAL PORTRAIT GALLERY.

M. BOUGUEREAU.

Among living French painters, there is probably none whose
works are so well known in England from engravings as those
of M. William- Adolphe Boiiguereau. Born at La Rochelle in
1825, he followed the regular course at the Ecole des Beaux Arts
from 1843 to 1850, and became a pupil of Picot. In 1850 he
divided the honours of the Grand Prix of Rome with Baudry,
his subject being " Zenobie Trouvee sur les Bords de I'Araxe,"
On his return to Paris, in 1855, he exhibited his " Triomphe du
Martyre," showing the body of St. Cecilia being borne to the
catacpmbs. Both this and his next great work, " Philomela
and Procne," shown in 1861, were purchased by the State, and
are now in the Luxembourg. Still more widely known, perhaps,
is his " Vierge Consolatrice," produced in 1876, and acquired
by the French Government for 12,000 francs. Among his
subsequent works are " The Bather," 1870 ; " Harvest Time,"
1872; "Homer and his Guide," 1874; "Pieta," 1876; "The
Scourging of Our Lord," 1880; "The Youth of Bacchus,"
1885 ; and " Byblis,"* 18^6. In 1894 his contributions to the
5alon were two — "Innocence" and "The Pearl." His themes,
it will be seen, range over a wide field ; and it is not too
much to say that whether he draws them from Scripture,
from classical mythology, or from modern life, his treatment
of them is equally felicitous. In all alike his colouring is
harmonious, his modelling delicate and highly-finished, and
his draughtsmanship above criticism. M. Bouguereau has won
quite a sheaf of honours. He became a member of the
Institute in 1876, and was appointed Officer of the Order of
the Legion of Honour in 1876, and Commander of the same
Order in 1885.

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/'Ao/o: P. Petit, Paris.

128 UNIVERSAL PORTRAIT GALLERY.

MR. W. E. H. LECKY.

Mr. Lecky is an Irishinan, born in the vicinity of the Irish
capital in 1838, and educated at Trinity College, Dublin,
where he graduated B.A. in 1859 and M.A. in 1863. Between
these two years, namely in 1861, he published anonymously
"The Leaders of Public Opinion in Ireland," consisting of
four essays on Swift, Flood, Grattan, and O'Connell, all of
them luminous and convincing, but especially the one on
O'Connell, which did a great deal to modifj'^ the estimate
of the Great Liberator that had long been prevalent. A
revised edition of this, one of the most judicial works ever
penned by an historian who had barely reached his majority,
was sent to the press in 1871. Encouraged by the success
of his first effort, Mr. Lecky continued his studies, and, before
the decade had run its course, had acquired European fame.
His "History of the Rise and Influence of the Spirit of
Rationalism in Europe," in two volumes, published in 1865,
had to be reprinted the same year, and by 1872 was in its
fifth edition. It was followed in 1869 by "A History of
European Morals from Augustus to Charlemagne," also in two
volumes. Then Mr. Lecky felt himself free to concentrate
his attention upon a much larger work — his " History of
England in the Eighteenth Century," of which the first and
second volumes appeared in 1878, the third and fourth in
1882, the fifth and sixth in 1887, and the seventh and eighth,
completing the work, in 1890. By common consent it ranks
among the most important contributions of this generation to
EngHsh historical literature. The insight and impartiality
with which the story of the Union, and other episodes in the
relations between the two islands, are told, are not less
characteristic of the work as a whole. Mr. Lecky's works
have been translated into German, and some of them into
other languages as well. From Dublin and St. Andrew's he
has received the honorary degree of LL.D., and he is also a
D.C.L. of Oxford.

Photo: Melhuish &■ Gale, Lim., Pall Mall. S.IV

^>L.--j2L^^i<^l^

130 UNIVERSAL PORTRAIT GALLERY.

MR. CHARLES SANTLEY.

The English baritone's first love was the sea, and the passion
has never, perhaps, been quite eradicated, for in his "Remi-
niscences " he repeats with great enjoyment the criticism of
an old salt who had been several voyages with him, and had
also heard him in opera. The ancient mariner would always
praise his singing, but never failed to add — " But, Charlie,
you're a good sailor spoiled ! You ought to be ordering your
men on board ship, instead of bawling and squalling your
voice away in that stuffy theatre ! " It was no love of music
that kept Mr. Santley on terra Jlrma. His father was an
organist at Liverpool, and his mother possessed "a peculiarly
sympathetic voice ; " and so much was music forced upon
him in his early years that he conceived a positive aversion
to it. There was no alternative, then, but to take to the
ledger; and it was not till 1855, when he was twenty-one,
that, having long outgro^vn his youthful repugnance, he em-
braced music as a profession. At once he started for Italy,
and placed himself under Gaetano Nava, at the Milan
Conservatoire, and before returning to England he had
served an- apprenticeship as an operatic singer in an Italian
company. On the 18th of November, 1857, he sang the part
of Adam in Haydn's Creation, and from that time forward
the story of his life is an uninterrupted series of successes.
If he owes his fame mainly to his fine rich voice and his
dramatic faculty, something must also be attributed to his
delightful humour. In 1859 he married Miss Gertrude Kemble
— grand-daughter of Charles Kemble — a soprano singer of
some repute and more promise.

132

UNIVERSAL PORTRAIT GALLERY.

DR. FRANCES WILLARD.

Miss Willard is now hardly less known in Great Britain
than in her own land. An eloquent speaker, a facile writer,
she is even more remarkable, it may be, for her powers of
organisation. She was born at Churchville, near Rochester,
New York, in 1839, daughter of the Hon. Josiah F. Willard,
and gave early proof of the striking mental qualities which
have made her famous. Always a strenuous student, she
graduated at the North- Western University, Chicago, and
also took the M.A. degree from Syracuse University. In 1862
she was appointed Professor of Natural Science at the North-
West Female College, Evanston, Illinois ; from 1868 to 1870
she travelled extensively in Europe, as well as in Egypt and
Palestine, studying modern languages and the fine arts, and
soon after her return to America became President of the
Women's College of North- AVestern University and Professor
of Esthetics in the University. Her natural gifts thus
assiduously cultivated, the work she has been able to do in
the world among women and children is not surprising. The
National Women's Christian Temperance Union was founded by
her, and to her singular organising power and untiring exer-
tions, far more than to any other single cause, is attributable its
amazing success. Among the many testimonies of appreciation
and gratitude she has received, we may be sure that none
has given her more delight than the fact that her birthday
is celebrated by children's temperance societies throughout
the United States as a Harvest Home. The most interesting
of her works is her " Glimpses of Fifty Years : The Auto-
biography of an American Woman."

Utoto: Alice Hu^ho, S2. Cmuer Sirret, IVX.

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134

UNIVERSAL PORTRAIT GALLERY.

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Inveeaey Castle.

THE DUKE OF ARGYLL.

His Grace the Duke of Argyll has many claims to dis-
tinction. The finest orator in the House of Lords, and a
brilHant administrator, he is hardly less eminent as a philo-
sophical writer and a man of science, while, in his grasp of
Scottish ecclesiastical questions, he is probably the equal of
the most learned of Scottish divines. For many years
one of the leaders of the Liberal party, and second only to
Mr. Gladstone in the vigour of his attacks upon Lord
Beaconsfield's foreign policy, it has, of late years, frequently
been his fate to champion the causes of minorities. Since
1881, when he resigned the post of Lord Privy Seal because
of his opposition to Mr. Gladstone's Irish land legislation, he
has held no office, although he has never ceased to be one
of the most active of publicists. In his " Primeval Man " he
subjects to a searching criticism the current views as to the
antiquity of man ; and in " The Reign of Law " and " The
Unity of Nature " — works in which hard thinking is combined
with powerful rhetoric — he applies the same process to the
Darwinian position. His Grace was born at Ardencaple
Castle, Dumbartonshire, in 1823, and is the eighth duke.

136 UNIVERSAL PORTRAIT GALLERY.

PROFESSOR SKEAT.

The learned Professor who has done so much for early-
English literature and for etymology, was born in London in
1835, and was educated at King's College School and at Sir
R Cholmeley's School, Highgate, taking his B.A. at Christ's
College, Cambridge, in 1858, when he was 14th Wrangler, and
his M.A. in 1861. He became Fellow of his College in 1860,
and for three or four years served the office of curate, first
at East Dereham, Norfolk, then at Godalming, Surrey, From
1863 to 1871 he was Mathematical Lecturer at Christ's
College, Cambridge, and English Lecturer from 1867 to 1883.
He is a member of the Councils of the Antiquarian Society of
Cambridge, of the Early English Text Society, and of the
Philological Society of Cambridge and of London, and since
1878 has held the Elrington and Bosworth Professorship of
Anglo-Saxon at Cambridge. The works which this untiring
scholar has edited for the societies named above are legion,
and a mere list of them would fill several times over the
space available here. One of his most generally interesting
achievements is the disclosure of the sources whence Chatter-
ton drew the archaic expressions which abound in the
" Rowley Poems." He was chosen by the Syndics of
the Cambridge University Press to complete the edition of
the Anglo-Saxon Gospels upon which the late John Mitchell
Kemble was engaged at the time of his death, in 1857. For
the Oxford University Press he has edited the Gospel of St.
Mark in Gothic, and has compiled for it his Tnagnuvi opus,
the "Etymological English Dictionary" and the abridg-
ment known as the "Concise Etymological Dictionary." He
is also part-compiler of Mayhew and Skeat's Concise Dic-
tionary of Middle Enghsh. In 1883 he edited the first of
the publications of the newly-founded Scottish Text Society,
the " King's Quhair," by James I. of Scotland ; and in 1890 he
began a complete edition of Chaucer's " Canterbury Tales."

Plulo: lilUott &■ Fry, Baker Street, V.'.

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138 UNIVERSAL PORTRAIT GALLERY.

DR. DALE.

The " Bishop of Birmingham," as Dr. Dale often used to be
called, is one of the two most distinguished exceptions to
the rule that great Nonconformist preachers gravitate to
London. Carr's Lane, the historic chapel in the Midland
capital, was his first love, and it is not rash to predict that
it will be his last. He went to it on leaving Spring Hill
College, in 1853, at the age of four-and-twenty, as the
colleague of John Angell James, whose biographer he was
destined to become, and at whose death he took sole charge.
It was not long before he acquired an influence in those
days quite unique. He identified himself with every concern
— political, municipal, educational, industrial, social — of his
fellow-townsmen ; and the time came when, after Mr. Bright,
he was recognised as one of the two most influential men in
Birmingham. The practical bent of his mind comes out
strongly in his " Laws of Christ for Common Life ; " his
spiritual insight and his capacity for abstract thought are
seen in his Commentary on the Ephesians, his book on the
Atonement, and his more recent work on fundamental
Christian doctrines. The treatise on the Atonement has
been translated into French and German, and is one of two
works by Nonconformist divines of which the late Canon
Liddon said that no Christian could read them " without
feelings of warm admiration and thankfulness to Ahnighty
God for such solid contributions to the cause of true religion."
Dr. Dale was elected to the chair of the Congregational Union
so long ago as 1868. A graduate of London University, he
owes his LL.D to Glasgow, which did itself and him this
honour in 188.3. But before this — in 1877 — he had been called
across the Atlantic' to give the Yale Lecture, and was rewarded
with the degree of D.D. For some time past he has not
enjoyed good health, and his delight in battle is perceptibly
less than it was in the days when he was one of the prot-
agonists of the Liberation Society.

Photo : y, IV, Beau/ort, Birmingham.

140

UNIVERSAL PORTRAIT GALLERY..

One of Madame Eonnee's Studies of Kitten

MADAME RONNER

Though the great painter of cats was born so long ago as
1821, her work is still marked by all the delicacy and charm
and excellence which have won her a European reputation.
She is a native of Amsterdam, and received her art training
from her father, Heer Knip, who continued his instruction
even when he had been overtaken by blindness. Keeping
her at the easel from sunrise to sunset, chiefly in the open
air, he insisted upon a couple of the mid-day hours being
passed in total darkness, lest her sight also might be im-
paired. To this rigorous discipline she cheerfully submitted,
giving herself up to cats, dogs, and still-life, till at last she
became the acknowledged rival of M. Lambert. Since her
marriage, more than forty years ago, she has lived and
practised in Brussels, selling her works as fast as they are
painted, and winning many medals and kindred honours,
while achieving fame which there is little doubt will prove
to be enduring. Since the year 1890, when many of her
pictures were on view at the Fine Art Gallery in New
Bond Street, her works have been as eagerly sought after by
English connoisseurs as they had long been by Continental
collectors.

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142

UNIVERSAL PORTRAIT GALLERY.

MR. E. S. WILLARD.

As the Professor in Mr. Barrie's delightful play, Mr. Willard
made it cle^r to his Enghsh admirers that his powers had
undergone appreciable development since his departure for
America. Coming to Xondon in 1881, he took the part of
Clifford Armytage in The Lights of London. Afterwards he
appeared as the gentlemanly burglar in The Silver King, and
later as Cyrus Blenkarn, the moody potter in The Middleman
— a performance which was hailed as one of uncommon
power. This was followed up with the title-role in Judaic,
which marked an even greater advance along the road
to historic greatness than that of Cyrus Blenkarn had done ;
for to poAver were added poetic inspiration and spiritual
dignity. The part, with its rhetorical outbursts, was one of
unusual difficulty ; there were half-a-dozen points at which
its lofty sentiments would, in the circumstances, have seemed
ridiculous had it been in less masterful hands. But with
Mr. Willard there was no faltering; and whatever impressions
one may have of Judah, it is possible to look back upon
Judah with unalloyed pleasure. When this play had at last
run its course, Mr. Willard went on tour in America, and
reaUsed a success that must have exceeded his expectations.
It was there that The Professors Love Story was first pro-
duced. The piece forms an agreeable addition to Mr.
Willard's repertory, for it enables him to show that he can
be as happy in a part in which humour is dashed with
tenderness as in those exemplifying the passions. It is safe to
say that even now he has not shown the full extent of his
remarkable powers.

144

UNIVERSAL PORTRAIT GALLERY.

SANDEIKQHAil HoUSE.

H.R.H. THE PRINCE OF WALES.

The popularity enjoyed by the Heir- Apparent is only partly
explained by the sentiment of loyalty hereditary among
Englishmen. It is due also in no small measure to His
Royal Highness's personal qualities — his geniality, his tact, his
readiness to undertake duties which may not be arduous, but
must certainly be monotonous. For many years past the
burden of Court and public ceremonial has fallen mainly on
his shoulders. His work in this kind, however, has not pre-
vented him from taking an active interest in social problems.
His maiden speech in the House of Lords was in support of
a motion relating to the better housing of the poor, and he
was a working member of the Royal Commission appointed
to investigate the question. His public addresses are marked
by unfailing aptness and ease, and are almost invariably de-
livered impromptu. There is only space here to add that
His Royal Highness was born on the 9th of November,
1841 ; that, after a long course of private education, he
studied at Edinburgh, at Oxford, and at Cambridge; that he
married the Princess Alexandra of Denmark in 1863 ; and that
his recovery from dangerous illness in 1872 was followed by
the memorable public thanksgiving in St. Paul's Cathedral.

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146

UNIVERSAL PORTRAIT GALLERY.

i'lixiiiiiioiiOUGii Caihedkal.

THE BISHOP OF PETERBOROUGH.

Dr. Mandell Creightox is not only one of the most learned
but one of the most eloquent Bishops on the Bench. The
speech which he delivered at a Royal Academy banquet
not long after his elevation Avas universally admired, and
suggested a comparison between him and the great orator
whom he succeeded in the episcopal chair at Peterborough.
His Lordship was born in 1848, and educated at Durham
Grammar School and at Oxford. He has several tunes been
Select Preacher to the Universities, and was the first Dixie
Professor of Ecclesiastical History at Cambridge (1884-91).
In 1882 he was appointed Honorary Canon of Newcastle-on-
Tyne, and from 1885 to 1890 Avas Canon of Worcester. His
editorship of the English Historical Review dates from its
foundation, in 1886. His most important contribution to
historical literature is his "History of the Papacy during the
Reformation ; " but he is also the author of several other
learned works, among the most generally popular of them
being a life of Cardinal Wolsey, in the " English Statesmen
Series," and a monograph on Carlisle, his native city, in the
series of " Historic Towns."

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Photo: iUlhuish Gr GaU, LimUed, Pall Mall, S.W.

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148

UNIVERSAL PORTRAIT GALLERY.

A EussiAN Village.

LEON TOLSTOY.

The Kussian novelist and social reformer, born in 1829, is a
descendant of Count Peter Tolstoy, the friend and comrade of
Peter the Great. In 1851 he entered the army, and on the
outbreak of the Crimean War was transferred to the Danube,
where he served on the staff of Prince Gortschakoff. After-
wards he took part in the defence of Sebastopol, having been
appointed to the command of a mountain battery. When
peace was concluded he resigned his commission, and gave
himself up entirely to the pursuit of literature until 1861, when
he devoted himself to the mission of educating and elevating
the peasantry. As the years passed on, the reforming and
ascetic impulses of the great writer became more and more
predominant, until at last he renounced all luxury, and even
comfort, and began to live the life of a Russian peasant,
adopting the moujik's garb in which he is seen in our portrait.
Fortunately, Count Tolstoy's career did not enter this phase
until he had written "War and Peace" (1860) and "Anna
Karenina" (187e5-77), which rank among the greatest achieve-
ments in the literature of fiction.

150 UNIVERSAL PORTRAIT GALLERY.

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MADAME ALBANI.

By the multitudes who listen with delight to her marvellous
voice, Madame Albani is regarded not only with boundless
admiration, but also with profound respect, as one of those
true artists to whom art is an end in itself, and not merely
a means to the attainment of fame and riches. A native of
Canada, and the descendant of French settlers, her maiden
name is Lajeunesse — Marie Louise Emma Cecile Lajeunesse.
The common impression that her professional name was
chosen out of compliment to the city of Albany, where she
spent part of her girlhood, holding the offices of organist and
choir-mistress in the cathedral there, is a mistake, Albani
being the name of a noble Italian family who were kind to
the young Canadienne during her tutelage in the land of song.
Now her full style and title is Madame Albani-Gye, her hus-
band being Mr. Ernest Gye, formerly manager of the Italian
Opera in London. At an early age she was sent to the Con-
vent of the Sacred Heart at Sault au RecoUet, near Montreal,
and stayed there till she was fourteen. At eighteen she Avent
to Paris and studied under Strakosch, who, in sending her to
Lamperti at Milan, introduced her as '•' the most accomplished
musician and the most finished singer in style" that ever
left his studio. She made her debut in opera at Messina in
1870, and appeared first at Covent Garden two years later in
La Sonnambula, achieving a brilliant triumph in this as in
the pieces that followed — Faust, Don Giovanni, Figaro, &c. In
Lohengrin and others of Wagner's music-dramas she has dis-
tinguished herself not less than in Italian opera ; and she is,
if possible, even more at home in oratorio than in either.

152

UNIVERSAL POBTBAIT GALLERY.

LORD RANDOLPH CHURCHILL.

The political career of the Member for South Paddington has
been the most dazzling and eccentric that the House of
Commons has ever witnessed. It began with the noble lord's

election for Woodstock in
1874. But he was little to
the fore in the Disraeli Par-
liament, and it was not till
Mr. Gladstone's accession to
power in 1880, and the forma-
tion of the Fourth Party,
that he began to be recog-
nised as a force. There can
be no doubt that the defeat
of the Ministry in 1885 was
due more to his persistent
attacks, in the House and in
the country, than to any
other single cause. The office
of Chief Secretary for India
was but the due reward of
his exertions. When Lord
Salisbury's second Ministry
was formed, in August, 1886,
he became Chancellor of the Exchequer and Leader of the
House of Commons, but just before the Christmas holi-
day in the same year he astonished the whole political
world by throwing up the post. Of his subsequent course
there is little to say. In the Home Rule debates of 1893
he took a prominent part, and Avas welcomed back to the
Front Opposition bench. But in the following year his health
broke down, and in the middle of the Session he started on
a prolonged tour, followed by many expressions of sympathy
and goodwill. Just before Christmas he was brought back to
London suffering from paralysis, and as these pages go to press
there is only too much ground for the gravest apprehensions.

Market Place and Church, Woodstock.

PMoto : Bassano, Old Bond Street, IK

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154 UNIVERSAL PORTS AIT GALLERY.

LADY RANDOLPH CHURCHILL.

The family into wliicJa Lady Randolpli Churchill was born
are natives of New York. Her mother was heiress to a large
fortune ; her father, Mr. Leonard Jerome, was remarkable even
among Americans for resolution, energ}-, and force of character.
Delighting in travel, he spent much of his time in England and
on the Continent, and it was in Paris that his children received
their education, becoming accomplished linguists, while the
future Lady Randolph became also an expert musician. Her
studies were brought to an abrupt end by the outbreak of
the Franco-German War, when she and her family left Paris.
There was at first some thought of a return to New York,
but Cowes was fixed upon instead, arid it was while there that
she first met Lord Randolph. The attachment that speedily
grew up between them resulted in their marriage at the
chapel of the British Embassy in Paris in 1872. Though she
was eminent in a wide circle for her beauty, her accomplish-
ments, her brilliant conversation, only the most discerning of
her friends could have foreseen the success with which she was
to devote herself to the furtherance of her husband's career.
She Avas one of the first to recognise the importance to the
Conservative party of the Primrose League, and is to be
numbered amonsf those who have made it the formidable
agency which the Liberals have long knoAvn it to be. Lady
Randolph, who has presented her husband with two sons —
Winston Leonard (born in November, 1874) and John Winston
(born in February, 188()) — accompanied him on the tour
which had so melancholy a termination at the end of 1894.

156

UNIVERSAL PORTRAIT GALLERY.

A DOESETSHIEE VaILEY (THE StOTJE).

MR. THOMAS HARDY.

The greatest of living English novelists is a native of the
county in which so many of his scenes are laid, having been
born in a Dorsetshire village in 1840. Intended for an archi-
tect, he began his studies at Dorchester, and continued them
under Sir A. Blomfield. His first experiment in fiction, " Des-
perate Remedies," which- appeared in 1871, shows exuberant
invention, but is without a trace of the rustic humour which
is Mr. Hardy's greatest quality. It was followed by the ever-
delightful " Under the Greenwood Tree," which placed him at
once in the front rank of living humorists. " A Pair of Blue
Eyes," lit up with many a flash of rustic humour, and gleaming
with the more refined humour of comedy, came in 1873, and
" Far from the Madding Crowd," his strongest and most
brilliant work, in 1874. Among his subsequent novels, " The
Mayor of Casterbridge," less brilliant than " Far from the
Madding Crowd," but hardly inferior to it in strength, belongs
to 1886, and "The Woodlanders," notable for its fine atmo-
sphere, to 1887. "Tess of the d'Urbervilles," which, with all
its charm and power, did not give unmixed satisfaction to
many of Mr. Hardy's old admirers, saw the light at the end
of 1891.

Photo: n: &■ D. Downey, Ebury Street, S.W.

^^LU^vu^ayyTi-aA^

158

UNIVERSAL PORTRAIT GALLERY.

Paeliament Bthldings, Ottawa.

SIR JOHN THOMPSON.

The sudden death at Windsor Castle of the Canadian
Premier and Minister of Justice, within a few minutes of his
having been sworn of the Privy Council, and just as these
pages were being prepared for the press, was the occasion of
great pain to her Majesty and the Court, and to multitudes
besides on both sides of the Atlantic. Born at Halifax,
Nova Scotia, on the 10th of November, 1844, the son of an
Irish emigrant, he served his political apprenticeship in
the Nova Scotian House of Assembly, in which he had
a seat until 1882, when he retired from politics to take
the office of Judge of the Supreme Court of Nova Scotia.
In 1885 he was prevailed upon by the late Sir John
Macdonald to enter the Canadian Cabinet as Minister of
Justice, and in 1892, his former leader being now dead, he
became Premier. His knighthood was conferred in recog-
nition of his services as legal adviser of the British Pleni-
potentiaries at Washington during the negotiation of the
Chamberlain-Bayard Fishery Treaty. As a special mark of
honour, his mortal remains were conveyed to Canada in H.M.S.
Blenheimi. ,

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160

UNIVERSAL PORTRAIT GALLERY.

MR. HERBERT BEERBOHM-TREE.

The actor-manager of the Haymarket was born in London
in 1853, his father being Mr. Julius Beerbohm, a successful
German grain merchant, who had married an English lady.
His first professional engagement was in a company on
tour in the South of England. At Folkestone it fell to his
lot to take the part of a blind old colonel, in which he was
indebted to a failure of memory for a happy realistic effect.
Describing the performance as one of remarkable subtlety, a
local critic pointed out how thoroughly the young actor had
mastered the habits of the blind, " even down to the nervous
twitching of the fingers, and the listening for the falling leaf."
The fact was that the play with the fingers was an urgent
signal to the prompter, and the "falling leaf" the prompter's
voice ! It Avas in 1882 that Mr. Tree made his dSut as a
dramatic representative of the haute noblesse of Europe. For
the adequate representation of such parts he has every
necessary quality — a singular command of foreign accents,
a special gift of "making up," distinction of manner and
bearing, and insight into racial character. Nor has he been
less successful in parts lying at the other extremity of the
gamut, from Falstaff and Paolo Macari to Luversan, the
" shadow " of Lucien Laroque. Of Mr. Tree's Hamlet it can
only here be said that it was a performance of the greatest
psychological interest, as might have been expected from one
who is hardly second to any English actor in insight, while in
versatility he is easily first. In 1894 he and his company
were honoured with a command to appear before the Queen
at Balmoral.

Photo: W. &■ D. Downey, Ebiiry Street, S IK

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162

UNIVERSAL PORTRAIT GALLERY.

From Sir James Lixton's "Marriage of the Duke of Albany. "

SIR JAMES DRUMGOLE LINTON

The President of the Royal Institute of Painters in Water-
Colours is an artist of great ability. As a draughtsman and
colourist he has few equals, while his unique execution places
him in the very front rank of figure-painters in water-colours.
His work as an oil-painter is also of a very high order, and
is best known by his series of large canvases illustrating
incidents in the life of a General in the fourteenth century,
and by the picture of the marriage of the Duke of Albany,
painted for Her Majesty. Sir James, born in 1840, early
showed that he had inherited his mother's artistic instincts.
He first exhibited at the Royal Academy about 1860 — a chalk
drawing. His first water-colour was shown at the inaugural
exhibition of the Dudley Gallery. He was elected a member
of the Institute in 1867, and was mainly influential in
bringing about its removal from its small gallery in Pall
Mall to its present house in Piccadilly. It was largely in
recognition of these services that he was elected Presi-
dent of the Institute in 1884, receiving the honour of
knighthood in 1885.

164

UNIVERSAL PORTRAIT GALLERY.

A Bit of Bednn.

LADY HALLE.

When Lady Halle came to England in 1849, she was amazed
to find herself, as a lady violinist, an object of reproachful
curiosity. "J'ai change tout cela," she might now say ; for
it is mainly owing to her graceful and exquisite performances
that the prejudice she had at first to encounter has so x3om-
pletely disappeared. She is known to set no great stote
upon the compliments she receives at Society "functions,"
but the charm of her action must be felt by alL With
those who have ears to hear, it has long been a settled
persuasion that Lady Halle has no equal, and but one
superior; and though Herr Joachim at his best may be the
greater artist, it is questionable if his general average is not
inferior to hers. For a century and a half the family of
Neruda — her maiden name was Wilhelmine Neruda — has been
prominently associated in Moravia with the violin. Her
father was organist at the Cathedral at Briinn, where she
was bom on the 21st of March, 1840. Her first husband
was Ludwig Norman, a Swedish musician, to whom she was
married in 1864; her marriage to Sir Charles Halle, whom
years before she had found to be an ideal accompanist in
the musical sense, took place in 1888.

Philo : Ulliott &■ l-ry. Hater Sttett, IK

166

UNIVERSAL POUTBAIT GALLERY.

A .MlSSIS-^U'ri 8TEAMER.

MARK TWAIN."

Mr. Samuel Langhorne Clemens, who was bom at Florida,
Missouri, on the 30th of November, 1835, has in his hfe
played many parts. He began his career as a compositor,
and went on to be in succession a Mississippi pilot, a
private secretary (to his brother), a speculator in gold-mines
(with calamitous results), a journalist, lecturer, and author.
His '•' Life on the Mississippi " is founded on observations
made while in the steamboat service on that river, and from
the same source he borrowed his nom de guerre, " Mark
twain" being a phrase used in taking soundings, and the
interpretation thereof, "Mark two fathoms." Similarly he
drew upon his Nevada experiences for " The Jumping Frog "
and " Roughing It." " Innocents Abroad " is a record of travel
in Egypt and Palestine, the Levant, France, and Italy, with a
party of religious tourists, who set sail in the Quaker City.
Of his many other books we can only mention " A Tramp
Abroad " (1880) and " Huckleberry Finn " (1885). His humour
hes mainly in exaggeration, less of character than of incident
and situation, and though he may sometimes overdo the jest,
the world has to thank him for some of its heartiest laughs.

■

I'hoto: Sarony. New York.

168

UNIVERSAL PORTRAIT GALLERY.

DR. CLIFFORD.

The spirit and energy displayed by Dr. Clifford in the London
School Board fight were the admiration of Progressives and
Moderates alike. But from the time when, as a boy of
thirteen, he became a " threader " in a mill, and was often
toiling from four o'clock on Friday morning to six o'clock on
Saturday evening, he has always been one of the hardest of
workers in a strenuous generation. Hence the encyclopaedic
knowledge which enables it to be said of him that he has
more science than many a scientific man, more literature
than many men of letters, and more theology than many who
are theologians and nothing more. He is B.A., M.A., B.Sc,
and LL.B. of the London University, has received many
honorary degrees, including that of D.D., from other sources,
is a Fellow of the Geological Society, has written many books,
some of which have run through several editions, and for
nearly forty years has been pastor of one of the largest and
most influential Nonconformist churches in the country. The
educational institute of which he is the life and soul has
sixty classes and fifteen hundred students, yet it represents
but one side of the activities of the Westbourne Park church.
Born at Sawley, near Derby, on the 16th of October, 183G,
he at the age of nineteen entered the General Baptist College
at Nottingham, leaving it to undertake the charge of his
present church. Within fourteen years of the beginning of
his pastorate he Avas elected President of the General Baptist
Association. From 1876 to 1878 he was Secretary of the
London Baptist Association, and President in 1879 ; and in
1888 he was chosen President of the Baptist Union.

■Ji^

Photo: Elliott &■ Fry, Kakcr Street. IV.

d*^ ^ceAsiy y!^<^

170

UNIVERSAL PORTRAIT GALLERY.

The Cove of Coek..

SIR JAMES C. MATHEW.

This eminent judge is a member of the well-known Irish
family to which Father Mathew, the great temperance orator,
belonged. Born at Lehena House, Cork, on the 10th of July,
1830, he graduated at Trinity College, Dublin. He was
called to the bar in 1854, and joined the North-Eastern
Circuit, soon taking high rank by virtue of his erudition
and acumen. His elevation to the Bench in March, 1881,
as a Judge of the Queen's Bench Division of the High Court
of Justice, was notable from the fact that he was only a
member of the Junior Bar, while it had the further interest
of being the third instance of the nomination of a Roman
Catholic to an English judgeship since Catholic emancipation.
In addition to being knighted, he was created LL.D., honoris
causd, by the University of Dublin. As President of the
Evicted Tenants' Commission (Ireland) in 1892, he came in
for a good deal of hostile criticism ; but it is to be remem-
bered that the office which he courageously undertook* was
a singularly invidious one, and it would have been strange
indeed had he succeeded in giving satisfaction to interests
so sharply conflicting.

Photo: G. Jerrard, Kef:ent Street, JF.

17£

UNIVERSAL PORTRAIT GALLERY.

rhoto : PouUon &• Sons, Lee.

Thb Chief Secebtaet's Lodge, Dublin.

MR. JOHN MORLEY.

The senior Member for Newcastle- on -Tyne had made two
reputations, as a man of letters and as a journalist, before he
entered the House of Commons ; and within three years of
his taking his seat the doors of the Cabinet were opened to
him. The year of his election for Newcastle-on-Tyne was
also the year in which he presided over the celebrated Leeds
Conference, the effect of which was to give to the Franchise
Bill the first place in the programme of his party. It was
in 1886 that he became Chief Secretary for Ireland; and
when the Liberals came back to power in 1892, it was uni-
versally felt that no one in the party was so suitable as he
for that onerous and responsible office. His works, marked
by profound learning, singular penetration, vigorous grasp,
and a style which, with all its severity, often rises into lofty
eloquence, include studies of Burke, Walpole, Voltaire, Rous-
seau, Diderot, and the Encyclopaedists, a valuable essay on
" Compromise," and a Life of Cobden. From 1867 to 1882 he
was editor of the Fortnightly Review, from 1880 to 1.883
he edited the Pall Mall Gazette, and from 1883 to 1885 he
conducted Macmillans Magazine.

Photo : Elliott &■ Fry, Baker iitreet, H^.

Jl4Uiry^

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■■

174

UNIVERSAL PORTRAIT GALLERY.

MRS. DELAND.

It was " John Ward, Preacher," that brought this gifted lady
to the knowledge and admiration of the reading public in
England. The book was read with delight by those to
whom theological and other problems form the main interest
of fiction, and by those who judge the novel by purely literary
standards, and hold that it ceases to be literature when it
becomes a mere polemic ; for the interest of the main situation
was less doctrinal than simply human. Both John Ward
and his Avife were powerfully drawn ; but the subordinate
characters were an even greater proof of Mrs. Deland's artistic
gift. Mr. Denner and the elderly ladies who divided his
afiPections so nearly equally Avere veritable creations ; and
never were the heroism of feeble natures and the pathos of
small lives more finely brought to light than in this part of
the story. " Sidney," though marked by the same delicacy
and finish as the earlier book, erred somcAvhat in the direction
of over-subtlety ; but in " The Story of a Child," iuW. of de-
lightful humour and tender feeling, Mrs. Deland Avas at her
best. The same may be said of " Tommy Dove and Other
Stories," in Avhich once more Ave are made to see the signific-
ance of the insignificant. Mrs. Deland, Avhose latest Avork is
entitled " Philip and his Wife," Avas born at Alleghany on
the 23rd of February, 1857, Avas educated at Pelham Priory,
New Kochelle, and at the Cooper Union, Ncav York : and in
1878-79 taught industrial design in a Normal school in that,
city. Her marriage to Mr. Lorin F. Deland, of Boston, took
place in 1880.

■>

Photo: H. G. Smith, Boston, U.S.A.

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176

UNIVERSAL PORTRAIT GALLERY.

Tiiii Gkand Opera, Paeis.

M. C.-C. SAINT-SAENS.

Charles-Oamille SaInt-Saens is a native of Paris, where he
was born on the 9th of October, 1835. After studying under
Stamaty and Maleden, he went to the Conservatoire, carrying
off the second organ prize in 1849, and the first in 1851.
When only seventeen he attracted the notice of the musical
world by a symphony, performed by the Societe de Ste.
Cecile. In 1867 he won the prize of the International Ex-
hibition with his cantata, Les Noces de Promethee. Next essay-
ing opera, he produced La Princesse Jaune at the Opera
Comique in 1872, and Le Timbre d'Argent at the Theatre
Lyrique in 1877 ; but in neither case did he achieve an
unequivocal success. His sacred drama, Samson et Delilah,
had, however, a great reception at Weimar, in 1877, and was
much admired when given in his own land, and, later, in
England. His Henry VIII., produced at the Grand Opera
in Paris in 1883, proved beyond question his capacity for
opera, and the triumph he then achieved was repeated with
Ascanio in 1890. In the earlier part of his career, M. Saint-
Saens was organist of the Madeleine, and was renowned for
his brilliant improvisations.

Photo: Van Bosch, Paris.

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178

UNWBESAL PORTRAIT GALLERY.

MR. ARTHUR W. PINERO.

The author of The Second Mrs. Tanqueray was only thirty-
eight when he produced the most brilliant and powerful
English j)lay that had been written in this generation. He was
born in London in 1855, and educated to be a solicitor, but
gave up the law before he was nineteen, and the year 1874
saw him acting at the Theatre Royal, Edinburgh. In 1875
he joined the Lyceum Company, taking the part of Claudius
throughout the tour in which Mr. Irving played Hamlet
in the provinces. It was in 1877 that he made his first
attempt at dramatic writing, with Tivo Hundred a Tear.
This was followed in succession by The Rector and Lotv
Water, of which Mr. William Archer has said that the first was
a melancholy, and the second an unspeakably comic, fiasco,
but that both were better worth seeing than half the suc-
cesses of the day. Mr. Pinero's first veritable achievement
was with The Magistrate, in 1885. In the next year came
two further successes, The Schoolmaster and The Hobby Horse.
Sweet Lavender, produced in 1888, had, whatever its con-
structive faults, a tremendously long run, thanks, in great
measure, to Mr. Edward Terry's humorous and pathetic pre-
sentation of the part of Dick Phenyl, the drunken but good-
hearted barrister. To this year also belongs a play of much
greater merit. The Profligate, produced by Mr. Hare at the
Garrick, with Mr. Forbes-Robertson in the title-part. Then
came The Times, in which Mr. Pinero not very successfully
essayed a new vein. This was succeeded by The Amazons,
a far more entertaining piece, and this by The Second Mrs.
Tanqueray, in which Mr. Pinero excelled not only himself
but all his rivals.

Photo: IV. & D. Downey, Ebiiry Street, S.H'.

180

UNIVERSAL PORTRAIT GALLERY.

A Dock Sck.nk.

MR JOHN BURNS, M.R

The Member for Battersea, by force of character and intellect,
and by the moderation which has come with responsibility,
has lived down much of the antipathy which his earlier
career provoked. Born in London in 1858, he has been in
a cotton factory, served his time as an engineer, and has
worked at his trade on the West Coast of Africa. In 1886
he was put upon his trial for seditious conspiracy, and was
acquitted ; in 1888 he suffered six weeks' imprisonment for
his assertion of the right of free speech in Trafalgar Square.
In 1889 he was elected by the voters of Battersea to thei
first London County Council, and when re-elected in 1892 he
polled more votes than any other Progressive candidate. His
membership of the House of Commons dates from 1892 ;
when he stood for West Nottingham in 1885 he polled only
598 votes. He is still a convinced Socialist, and the leader
of the New Unionists, but has of late years concerned him-
self, both in municipal and in Imperial politics, more with
" practioals " than with " generals." So far, his greatest
achievement has been the successful conduct of the London
dock strike, in which he manifested, together "with extra-
ordinary generalship, an energy almost superhuman, and a
perseverance that nothing could daunt.

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/'/lo/o; C. F. Treble, Clafham Junction, S.IV.

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182 UNIVERSAL PORTRAIT GALLERY.

MR. HAMO THORNYCROFT.

This distinguished Royal Academician is a sculptor by birth
as well as by training, being the son of the late Thomas
Thornycroft, designer of the Park Lane Fountain, and of
Mary Thornycroft — happily still among us — who, again, is
the daughter and pupil of John Francis. Mr. Thornycroft
was born in London on the 9th of March, 1850, was educated
at Macclesfield and at University College School, London, and
then became a student at the Royal Academy, bearing off
the silver medal in the Antique School in 1870. He made
his first contribution to the Burlington House Exhibition in
1871, in the form of a bust of the late Professor Sharpey.
A bronze statuette of Lord Mayo was his most notable pro-
duction in 1874. In 1876 he was represented by "A Warrior
Bearing a Wounded Youth from the Field of Battle," which
had won the gold medal of the Council in the previous year.
"Lot's Wife," a singularly impressive work, belongs to 1877,
and " Stepping Stones," an early work, only now executed in
bronze, to 1879. "Artemis" and "A Youth Putting a Stone"
— both fine examples of the imaginative side of the sculptor's
art — led to Mr. Thornycroft's election as an Associate of the
Royal Academy in January, 1881. Among the more striking
of his works since then are "Teucer," a nude statue of heroic
size, which was bought for the nation out of the Chantrey
Fund, and is now, in bronze, in the South Kensington
Museum; the poetic "Sonata of Beethoven" (1883), "The
Mower" (1884), the equestrian statue of Edward L (1885),
" Medea " (1888), and " The Mirror " (1890), his diploma Avork.
Mention must also be made of the statues of the Earl of
Beaconsfield, of General Gordon (Trafalgar Square), and of
John Bright (Rochdale).

184

UNIVERSAL POBTBAIT GALLERY.

Plioto: Mr. Fred. Motr.

On the ShIEE EiVER, NvASSALiKD.

MR. H, H. JOHNSTON, C.B.

Mr. Henry Hamilton Johnston, who was born on the 12th
of June, 1858, at Park Place, Kennington, and was educated
at Stockwell Grammar School and at King's College, has
considerable aptitude as an artist, and also as an author.
A student at the Royal Academy, his pictures have fre-
quently hung upon the walls of its galleries. But the
impulse to travel was not to be denied, and in 1880 he
traversed Tunis and Algeria, visited the Congo and other
parts of West Africa in 1882-3, and conducted an expedition
to Mount Kilimanjaro, in East Africa, in 1884. Three years
later he surveyed a portion of the Niger Delta, afterwards
going to Liake Nyassa and Tanganyika to bring about an
understanding between the Arabs and the African Lakes
Company. In 1885 he secured the appointment of Vice-
Consul for the Cameroons and the Oil Rivers. Two years
later he became Acting-Consul for the Bights of Benin and
Beafra, and in 1888 was promoted to be Consul for Portuguese
East Africa. He now holds the important office of British
Commissioner and Consul-General for Central Africa.

AU^dU.

Photo: hilwtt iT 1-ry. Baker Street, W.

186

UNIVERSAL PORTRAIT GALLERY.

T&B Membees' Lobby, House of Commons.

LORD TWEEDMOUTH.

It will be long before it becomes easy not to speak of tlie
famous Liberal Avhip as Mr. Marjoribanks. His accession to
the House of Lords, in consequence of the unexpected death
of the first Lord Tweed mouth, while Lord Rosebery was in the
very act of taking over the Government from Mr. Gladstone,
was a serious addition to the new Premier's difficulties, so
all but indispensable had Mr. Marjoribanks made himself
during the eighteen months or so that he had been Patronage
Secretary and Chief Whip. He joined the Cabinet as Lord
Privy Seal, and two months later added to this office that
of Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster. His Lordship is
still a young man among Statesmen, having been born in
1849, eldest son of the first Lord Tweedmouth. His political
career began in 1880, as Member for Berwickshire. He was
appointed Comptroller of Her Majesty's Household in 1886,
and Avas second Liberal Whip from that year until 1892,
when he became first Whip. His accession to the Peerage
has not led him to speak with whispering humbleness about
the House of Lords, as Lord Rosebery recognised when he
congratulated his colleague, half banteringly, upon his
"breezy" language.

188 UNIVERSAL PORTRAIT GALLERY.

MISS ELIZABETH ROBINS.

The ablest of English-speaking exponents of Ibsen is an
American by birth. Kentucky was her early home, and her
first histrionic training was under the guidance of the
late Edwin Booth. Having visited Norway, she commenced
her interpretations of Ibsen with the part of Martha in The
Pillars of Society, following it with that of the capricious
' heroine of The Doll's House. But it was not until her
assumption of the rdle of Hedda Gabler in 1890 that she
found a part in which she was able to do justice to her
remarkable gifts. Hedda Gabler met with a yet more pro-
nounced hostility than The DolVs House, but the critics were
at one in their admiration of Miss Robins's acting. After this,
she was tempted into the paths of melodrama. Fortunately,
however, the lapse was not a long one, and presently, as a
member of Miss Compton's company, she appeared in Mr.
Henry James's play, The American. Here, again, a veritable
triumph was achieved. The character is one of uncommon
subtlety: in any but very strong hands the delicate shadowy
Claire would have been httle more than a weak-minded
and somewhat impalpable girl, and her grace and charm
would have been entirely lost. In 1893 Miss Robins
delighted the play-going world with another of Ibsen's New
Women. The Master Builder was enigmatical enough to
satisfy the most devoted admirers of the great " problem "
dramatist ; but the excessive difficulty of the leading part
proved to be but another opportunity for Miss Robins, and
she was acclaimed on all hands as the ideal Hilda Wanorel —
the rdle in which our portrait represents her.

Photo : H. S. A/endeiisohn, Pembridge Crescent. IV.

190

UNIVERSAL PORTRAIT GALLERY.

i'hoto: A. Doivnie, St. A>tare7vs, A'.Jy.

St. Andeews.

PRINCIPAL DONALDSON, LL.D.

James Donaldson, one of the foremost educationists of the
day, was bom at Aberdeen on the 26 th of April, 1831. After
attending the Grammar School and University of his native
city, he completed his studies at Berlin. In 1854 he was
appointed Rector of the High School of Stirhng. Two years
later he became a Classical Master in the High School of
Edinburgh, of which he was elected Rector in 1866. By his tact,
his gentle and kindly disposition, and the thoroughness of his
methods, he proved himself a worthy successor of a long line
of illustrious preceptors. In 1881 he was called to fill the
chair of Humanity in the University of Aberdeen, which he
vacated in 1886, when he was made, on the death of Prin-
cipal TuUoch, Principal of the United College of St. Salvator
and St. Leonard in St. Andrews University, becoming Prin-
cipal of the University four years afterwards. In addition
to numerous contributions to fugitive literature. Principal
Donaldson has edited several scholarly Greek text-books, and
has -written an exhaustive critical " History of Christian
Literature and Doctrine from the death of the Apostles to
the Nicene Council"

I hole: T. Rodger, St. ^huirews, NM.

J^xyyy<Ji^ a^^i ct-Ji\^<^t

192

UNIVERSAL PORTRAIT GALLERY.

Photo: G. N. Kins; Avenue Road, Shepherd's Bush.

Maelboeough House,

H.R.H. THE PRINCESS OF WALES.

The beautiful and gracious lady who is so deeply beloved
throughout the empire is, as all the world knows, daughter
of the King of Denmark, and sister to the King of Greece,
and also to the Empress Marie of Russia, whom it was her
melancholy office to console and support in the bereavement
which Her Imperial Majesty suffered towards the end of 1894.
"Come to us, love us, and make us your own," was Tenny-
son's greeting, more than thirty years ago, to the " Sea King's
daughter from over the sea ; " and how quickly and enduringly
she did make us her own need not be said. Hard of belief
as it may be, she was born on the 1st of December, 1844 It
was on the 7th of March, 1863, that she arrived off Gravesend
as the bride-elect of the Prince of Wales, the nuptials being
celebrated at Windsor three days later. The death of her
firstborn, the Duke of Clarence, in 1892, almost on the eve of
his marriage, was a sore grief to Her Royal Highness, Her
only other son, the Duke of York, married the Princess
Victoria Mary of Teck in 1893," and in the following year the
nation rejoiced with Her Royal Highness over the birth of a
son to the royal pair.

194 UNIVERSAL POBTEAIT GALLERY.

THE BISHOP OF LONDON.

Dr. Temple was born on the 20th of November, 1821, the
son of a military officer, and was educated at Tiverton
Grammar School, and at Balliol College, Oxford, where he
took a double first-class in 1842. Soon afterwards he was
elected Fellow and mathematical tutor of his college, and
in 1848 he became Principal of the Training College at
Kneller Hall, Twickenham, resigning in 1855 to take
an inspectorship of schools. In 1858 he succeeded Dr.
Goulburn as head -master of Rugby, and was not long in
approving himself one of the greatest schoolmasters of the
century. His nomination to the Bishopric of Exeter in 1869
was bitterly opposed by a section of the clergy, on account
of his association with the w^ork known as " Essays and
Eeviews," to which he had contributed a paper on " The
Education of the World;" and in the church of St. Mary-
le-Bow, Cheapsido, where the election was confirmed, the
protesting clergy, headed by Bishop Trower, were represented
by counsel, whose objections the Vicar - General overruled.
The appomtment was abundantly justified by results ; and
long before he was called to London, in 1885, to take the
place of Dr. Jackson, his lordship had won the confidence
and affection of his own communion and the respect and
esteem of all. The cause of Temperance is but one of many
that are deeply indebted to Dr. Temple's powerful advocacy.
His works include a remarkable volume of sermons preached
in the chapel of Rugby School, and a treatise on " The
Relations between Religion and Science," embodying the
Bampton Lectures for 1884.

Ftiolo: London ^tereosc:>fic (^omfany.

^^^^^.

196 UNIVERSAL POBTRAIT GALLERY.

MR. J. M. BARRIE.

It has been Mr. Barrie's rather singular fortune to create
a new taste in the reading public and to see others, who
are undoubtedly his imitators, though in no unworth}-
sense of the word, coming forward to gratify it Avith a
success hardly inferior to his own. The " Auld Licht Idylls,"
when they appeared in 1888, were hailed with delight as
a faithful presentment of lowly Scottish life ; and there
need be no hesitation in saying that their author has since
done no better work, with the single exception of " A
Window in Thrums," which belongs to the same class, and
has even more humour and pathos, together with a unity
and a progressive effect which one has no right to expect
from a collection of tales and sketches. It was at Kirriemuir,
as all the world knows, that Mr. Barrie took the notes
which he was enabled to turn to such excellent account ;
and here it was that, on the 9th of May, 1860, he was
bom, and that he and his father and mother still dwell.
'^ The Little Minister " is, to a great extent, an attempt to
delineate ,the same figures on a larger canvas ; and if as a
novel it leaves something to be desired, it contains much
delightful matter. In Walker, London and The Professor's
Love Story Mr. Barrie has produced two charming plays;
but his genius is less dramatic than literary, and his
admirers will be glad to learn that he is now engaged upon
another novel. In 1894 he was married, at Kirriemuir, to
Miss Mary Ansell, who had created one of the leading parts
in Wdlker, London.

Plicto : nUiott &■ Fry, Fater Sirfft, IK

198 UNIVERSAL PORTRAIT GALLERY.

MADAME SARAH BERNHARDT.

The greatest of living actresses is the daughter of a French
hiwyer and a Dutch Jewess, and was born at Paris in 1844.
In 1858 she was entered as a pupil at the Conservatoire of
her native city, and quickly gave proof of her genius. Her
first appearance at the Theatre Fran9ais, however, was by
no means a success ; and at the Gyninase , her reception was
so Uttle encouraging that for a time she abandoned the stage.
Her first real triumph w^as as the Queen of Spain in Victor
Hugo's Ruy Bias, in 1869. The outbreak of the Franco-
(rerman War was a serious interruption of her career; but
she turned her enforced leisure to good account by her
ministrations as a nurse during the siege of Paris. In the
year following the war she appeared at the Coniedie Francjaise
with the greatest distinction in a number of French classical
parts, until the rendering of the role of Dona Sol in Hernani
stamped her as the first actress of her generation. Her visits
to London date from 1879. The next year she severed,
her connection with the Comedie Francaise, 23referring to
pay a sum of £4,000 as costs' and damages for the breach
of engagement rather than submit any longer to restraints
obnoxious to her temperament and unfavourable to the
full display of her genius. Since then she has many times
visited our shores, and has also toured in America and
Australia. Madame Bernhardt, who for a short time after
April, 1882, was the wife of M. Damala, a Greek gentleman,
now deceased, is not only a great actress, but a sculptor of
distinct excellence, and a painter of no mean skill.

Plwto: Nadat, Paris.

fi/^(tA^l^t

200

UNIVERSAL PORTRAIT GALLERY.

PoETioN OF SiE John Gilbeei's " On the Road to the Horse Faie.

SIR JOHN GILBERT.

The President of the Royal Society of Painters in Water-
Colours was born in 1817, and began to exhibit in 1836.
Since then he has shown a long list of pictures at the Academy
and other exhibitions, besides what he has done in the way
of book illustrations. From the first, his work had about
it striking individuality, in addition to its imaginativeness
and technical excellence, and he Avas not long in acquiring
name and fame. The honours of his profession, however,
came somewhat tardily. It was not till 1872 that he was
elected A.R.A., having in the previous year been chosen
to the presidency of the Society already mentioned, and
knighted ; in 1872 he rose to the dignity of R.A. He is
also a Chevalier of the Legion of Honour, and enjoys other
marks of distinction conferred by foreign institutions. In
1893 he announced his intention of distributing among the
art galleries of the metropolis and the other great towns
his collection of paintings — a display of public spirit which
was acknowledged by the presentation to him of the free-
dom of the City of London. Sir John is essentially a
painter of Old England, which he has depicted with immense
spirit and humour.

Photo: RhsxU iir ions, Jiaier Street, If.

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202

UNIVERSAL PORTRAIT GALLERY.

Bird's- Eye View of the Town Hall, Biemixghah.

MR. JOSEPH CHAMBERLAIN.

The Liberal Unionist leader in the House of Commons has
been the mark of much hostile criticism, but his strongest
opponents have long recognised in him one of the two or
three readiest and most skilful debaters in the House. Born
in London in 1836, he was educated at University College
School, and presently entered the firm of wood-screw makers
at Birmingham (Nettlefold and Chamberlain) which his father
had joined in 1854. He retired from business in 1874 to
devote himself to politics. But for some 3'ears before this
he had taken a prominent, and ultimately the leading, part
in the municipal life of Birmingham. At first a halting
speaker, he gradually acquired the fluent and incisive oratory,
together with the adroit management, which he has since
displayed in a wider sphere. His membership of the House
of Commons, as one of the elect of Birmingham, dates from
1876 ; he first took office, as President of the Board of Trade,
with a seat in the Cabinet, in 1880. In September, 1887, he
was appointed one of the British representatives on the Com-
mission formed to deal Avith the fishery disputes between the
United States and Canada.

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204

UNIVERSAL PORTRAIT GALLERY.

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Zanzibar.

MR. H. M. STANLEY.

The greatest of living explorers is a native of Denbigh, in
Wales, where he was born in 1840, of humble parents
bearing the name of Rowlands. In his sixteenth year he
became a cabin-bo}^ and Avent to New Orleans. Here he was
adopted by a Mr. Stanley, a merchant, Avhose name he
assumed. His patron dying intestate, he was again thrown
upon his own resources, and joined the Confederate Arm}-,
afterwards becoming, an officer on a steamer in the Federal
service. His first experience of the continent with which his
name will always be associated was acquired as Avar corre-
spondent of the New York Herald in Abyssinia, in 1867. It
was in 1870 that he Avas sent by the same paper to seek
out Dr. Livingstone, Avhom he found at Ujiji. In 1874 he
started from Zanzibar on another expedition, in the course of
which he circumnav^igated Victoria Nyanza and Tanganyika,
and explored the River Lualuba, or Livingstone, as he re-
named it. Returning to Africa in 1879, he became the
virtual founder of the Congo Free State. But his greatest
exploit Avas the relief of Emin Pasha, Avhich, attended as it
was by many lamentable circumstances, Avill ahvays remain
a proof of his intrepidity and resource.

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206

UNIVERSAL PORTRAIT GALLERY.

MR. JOHN HARE.

The actor-manager of the (larrick, like the actor-manager
of the Lyceum, had the painful experience of being hissed
on the occasion of his first performance — at Liverpool, in
1865, when he Avas a little over twenty. His next appear-
ance, six months later, as Landlord Short, in Naval Engage-
ments, at the old Prince of Wales's, then under the joint
management of Miss Marie Wilton and H. J. Byron, was
more successful, and resulted in his remaining a member
of the company for ten years. In 1875 he took the Court
Theatre, and got together a brilliant company. His profits
exceeded his most sanguine hopes, two of his productions —
New Men and Old Acres and Olivia — bringing in between
them more than £25,000. Then came his nine years' part-
nership with the Kendals at the St. James's, after which
he joined Mrs. John Wood's company at the new Court.
It was in 1889 that he opened the Garrick Theatre, built
for him in the Charing Cross Road. In The Profligate, his
first production, he contented himself with the subordinate
part of Lord Dangars ; in the second. La Tosca, with a self-
suppression not characteristic of actor-managers, he was not
seen at all. Then came A Fair of S])ectacles, in which, as
Benjamin Goldfinch, he gave one of those finished imper-
sonations of old men in which he is Avithout an equal.
Revivals of School, of Diplomacy, and of Caste have foUoAved,
and, with A Fool's Faradise, An Old Jew, and Slaves of
the Ring, have been the chief of the more recent pieces at
the Garrick.

208 UNIVERSAL PORTRAIT GALLERY.

MR. W. D. HOWELLS.

The son of a journalist, born at Ohio in 1837, Mr. Ho wells
served his time with his father as a printer, and then
became a member of the staif of the Ohio State Journal.
His literary ability was recognised by his appointment as
United States Consul at Venice in 1861. The man of letters,
however, was not sunk in the diplomatist, and after his re-
turn to America, in 1S65, he published " A'cuctian Life " and
" Italian Journeys." From 1871 to 1880 he Avas editor of
the Atlantic Monthly, and later (1892) he for a short time
edited the Cosmopolitan Magazine. He has published two
volumes of poems — one in conjunction with his friend J. J.
Pratt ; has written at least one play Avhich has been acted
in England as well as in America, and has produced an
abundance of critical and biographical matter, including a
volume on the poets of Italy. But it is as a novelist
that he has Avon widest fame. In this kind, his work, large
as it is in quantity, is notable for its polish and subtle
charm. His stories are full of delicately-finished etchings,
and it has been well said of them that they are " the
strongest exponents of that union of national feeling and
extra- national judgment Avhich constitutes the representative
quality of American genius." They include "A Foregone
Conclusion" (1874), "The Lady of the Aroostook" (1879),
"A Modern Instance" (1882), and "An Indian Summer"
(1886). In 1894, following Mr. Edward ]^>ellamy's lead,
Avithout exposing himself to the reproach of imitation, he
wrote " A Traveller from Altruria,"

Photo: G. C. Cox, New York.

^/t^^U,f,

210

UNIVERSAL PORTRAIT GALLERY.

MADAME ANTOINETTE STERLING.

The illustrious lady whose fame is so closely associated with
"The Lost Chord" and "The Better Land" is one of the
many great singers who hail from the western side of the
Atlantic. She was born in the State of New York in 1850,
and commenced her musical training under Abella. Then
she came across the sea to sit at the feet of IMarchesi and
Pauline Viardot, completing her studies in London under
Manuel Garcia. Her tirst appearance in London was at the
Covent Garden Promenade Concerts in 1873. She had
already achieved a reputation in her own land, and had
been preceded by enthusiastic reports of her gifts ; but few
of those who heard her at Covent Garden could have been
fully prepared for the richness and depth of her won-
derful contralto voice, or for the singular feeling which she
threw into her songs. The spell which she cast over all
who listened was not to be resisted, and she at once estab-
lished herself as a universal favourite.. Two years later she
was married to Mr. John MacKinlay, and made up her mind
to adopt the old country as her own. More than twenty
years have elapsed since she made her debut in London, but
her popularity shows no signs of diminution, and her name
may still be counted upon to attract 'crowds of delighted
admirers. She has frequently sung in oratorio, but is never
heard to more advantage than in some of those simple
pathetic ballads which she renders with a naturalness and
a charm only possible to the greatest artists.

Photo : iraiery. Limited, Regent Street, W

(MAi^-L.A3v\^ YUjJUcvj

212

VNIVEBSAL PORTRAIT GALLERY.

Mansfield College, Oxfoed.

PRINCIPAL FAIRBAIRN.

The most proloiind and philosophical of living Congregational
divines was born at Leith Walk, Edinburgh, on the 4th of
November, 1838, and educated at the Universities of Edin-
burgh, Glasgow, and Berlin. In 1860 he undertook the
pastorate of the Evangelical Union Church at Bathgate, in
West Lothian, and soon came to be known as one of the
most brilliant contributors to the Contemporary Review. In
1872 he settled at Aberdeen, where his Sunday evening
lectures on " The Non-Christian Religions " and on " Studies
in the Life of Christ " attracted immense congregations. He
was elected Principal of Airedale College, Bradford, in 1878,
receiving the honorary degree of D.D. from Edinburgh
University in the same year. In 1886 he went to Oxford
as first Principal of Mansfield College, which speedily became
an important feature of the university city. Dr. Fairbairn
has given memorable courses of lectures at Edinburgh and
Aberdeen, and also at Yale and at Union Seminary in
America, and has filled the chair of the Congregational
Union. Among his many works are " Studies in the
Philosophy of Religion and History " and '•' Christ in Modern
Theology."

Photo : Hills &• Saunders, Oxford.

214

UNIVERSAL POBTBAIT GALLERY.

The Quadhangle, Haevaed Univeesiti'

OLIVER WENDELL HOLMES.

The death of the Autocrat of the Breakfast-table in October,
1894, not long after he had sent his autograph and photo-
graph for reproduction in these pages, was the occasion
of a remarkable outburst of appreciation and affection. Dr.
Holmes's place among the men of letters of his generation
had in it something quite unique. By his multitudes of
readers he was not only admired as a writer, delightful by
reason of his sparkling wit, his genial humour, his fine feeling,
his charm of style, but was beloved as a personal friend.
He would have been famous as a poet if he had not been
the most delightful cav.seur of his age ; and had he never
written a line of his graceful verse, or of the charming talk
which enshrines so much gay and tender wisdom, he would
have risen to eminence as a teacher of medicine. Born at
Cambridge, Massachusetts, on the 29th of August, 1809, he
was eighty-five when Death's gentle summons came to
him ; but he was still young in all but years, and of him
above all his contemporaries v/as it true that his old age
was "serene and bright. And lovely as a Lapland night."
For many years he was Professor of Anatomy at Harvard

Photo: PK Adtmin, Boston, US.A.

216 UNIVEESAL PORTRAIT GALLERY.

Munich.

THE KING OF WURTTEMBERG.

King William II. of Wurttemberg was born on the 25th
of February, 1848, son of the late Prince Frederick (cousin
of the late King, Charles I.) and of the Princess Katlierine,
who was the sister of King Charles. He ascended the
throne so recently as the 6th of October, 1891, and thus far
his reign has been marked by no very striking event. His
Majesty has been twice married — firstly, in 1877, to Princess
Marie of Waldeck-Pyrmont, who died on the 30th of April,
1882 ; secondly, in 1886, to Princess Charlotte of Schaumberg-
Lippe. The only issue of either marriage has been a daughter,
the Princess Pauline, child of the Princess Marie, bom
on the 19th of December, 1877 ; and the heir-presumptive
to the throne is Duke William of Wiirttemberg, formerly a
General in the Austrian service. It may be added that the
connection between Austria and Wiirttemberg was formerly
much closer than it is now. In the conflict between Austria
and Prussia for the German supremacy, his Majesty's imme-
diate predecessor took the side of the South, and had to pay
a war indemnity of eight million florins and to form an
alliance with the victorious Power. Now, of course, Wiirttem-
berg is an integral part of the German Empire.

OUUuJf^vu X^^^iMM^MJ__

218

UNIVERSAL PORTRAIT GALLERY.

THE HON. EDWARD BLAKE.

The junior Member for Longford, like the late Sir John
Thompson, is of Irish parentage, though born in Canada — at

Adelaide, Ontario, on the
13th of October, 1833.
Graduating at Toronto in
1858, he practised at the
Bar, becoming a Queen's
Counsel in 1864, and quickly
acquiring fame as an orator
and a profound lawyer. In
1867 he was returned to the
Legislature of Ontario, and
also to the Dominion Parlia-
ment. In 1871 he became
Premier of Ontario, but had
to resign in the following
year on account of the
passing of the Dual Repre-
sentation Act. In 1873 he
entered the Canadian
Cabinet as Minister of
Justice and Attorney-Gene-
ral. The Chancellorship of
Ontario, the Chief Justice-
ship of the Dominion, and
the honour of kniofhthood
have been in turn declined
by him ; but his crowning
act of abnegation was his resignation of the leadership of
the Opposition because of his disapproval of the j)olicy of a
commercial union with the States, as being, in his opinion,
likely to tend to a loosening of the ties between- Canada and
the Mother Country. Mr. Blake was elected to the Imperial
House of Commons as Nationalist Member for Longford in 1892.

A Bit of Toronto Uxivkksitv.

220

UNIVERSAL PORTRAIT GALLERY.

The Wye at Chepstow, with the Castle.

MRS. ORMISTON CHANT.

Mrs. Chaxt's spirited and triumphant inusic-hall crusade
brought her a kind of publicity which, no doubt, she would
have been glad enough to avoid, if her sense of duty had
not compelled her to sacrifice her personal feelings to one of
the public causes which she has at heart. But for years
before this she had been a familiar and honoured figure in
political, philanthropic, and religious circles, and had often
officiated with marked acceptance in pulpits of various de-
nominations. She was born at Chepstow on the 9th of
October, 1848, her father being the Mr. Dibbin who designed
the tubular bridge that carries the railway over the Wye.
Beginning her independent career as a teacher in a school
for young ladies, she took to nursing; and it was while a
Sister at the London Hospital that she met her future
husband, whom she would have followed into the medical
profession had the transition been no more difficult then
thai! it is now. She began her public life as an advocate
of women suffrage, and before long came to be equally
interested in the promotion of temperance and of social
purity.

-J. Co., Boston, U.S.A.

222

UNTVEBSAL PORTRAIT GALLERY.

M. EMILE WAUTERS.

The distinguished Belgian artist was bom at Brussels in 1846.
At an early age he devoted himself to an artistic career, and
was but a youth when his works began to adorn the galleries

of his native land. Almost
from the first, his bent was
towards historical subjects,
and in 1872 he exhibited
his " Mary of Burgundy
before the Magistrates of
Ghent," a piece which com-
pelled admiration alike by
its fine conception and its
splendid technique. In 1878
he was commissioned to
decorate the " Lions' Stair-
case " at the Brussels Hotel
de Ville, and in 1881 he
painted the memorable
panorama, entitled " Cairo
and the Banks of the Nile."
Since then he has executed
a large number of imposing
works, among them " John
IV. and the Tradesmen of
Brussels" (1878) and "A
View of Cairo" (1883). In
the International Exhibition of 1878 he was awarded a medal
of honour, in the following year he obtained a similar dis-
tinction at Munich, and in 1883 the International Exhibition
at Berlin conferred upon him its grand medal. Honoured in
his own country, M. Wauters has received many marks of
appreciation from other nations, besides those Ave have men-
tioned, and is a member of several Academies.

Hotel de Villk Brussels.

224

UNIVERSAL PORTRAIT GALLERY.

PROFESSOR E. RAY LANKESTER.

This eminent zoologist, who was born in London in 1847,
is son of the late Dr. Edwin Lankester, physician and

scientific writer, and after-
wards Coroner for Middlesex.
He was educated at St. Paul's
School when that institution
had its home in St. Paul's
Churchyard. Thence he pro-
ceeded to Christ Church, Ox-
ford, and in 1872 was elected
Fellow and Tutor of Exeter
College, becoming, two years
later. Professor of Zoology and
Comparative Anatomy in Uni-
versity College, London. In
1882 he was appointed to the
Chair of Natural History in
Edinburgh University, but re-
signed the post before entering
upon its duties, and was re-
elected to his University Col-
lege Professorship; and in 1889
he became Linacre Professor
at Oxford. His bent towards
zoology showed itself while he
was but a boy, his first paper
being published while he was a student at St. Paul's School.
His numerous works include volumes on " Degeneration :
a Chapter on Darwinism," and " Comparative Longevity ; "
he has edited Haeckel's " History of Creation " and Gegen-
bauer's "Comparative Anatomy;" he has long been principal
editor of the Quarterly Journal of Microscopical Science;
and he is virtually the founder of the Biological Laboratory
at Plymouth.

Gateway of Chbist Chuki

Photo : The Cameron Studio, Mortimer Street, IV

226

UNIVERSAL PORTRAIT GALLERY.

The Theatbe Fbancais.

M. JULES CLARETIE.

The manager of the Comedie Frangaise, who was born at
Limoges in 1840, is a man of many aptitudes. He has been
in turn journalist, novelist, historian, dramatist, and theatrical
manager, and has won distinction in each capacity. On
leaving the Lycee Bonaparte in Paris, he became a contributor
to several of the leading papers of the French capital, and
was not long in gaining a place in the front rank of
Parisian journalists. During the war of 1870 his communi-
cations to the Rappel and the Opinion Nationale attracted
much attention. Among his novels, one of the most notable
is "Madeleine Bertin," which appeared in 1868. His his-
torical work is best represented by his " Histoire de la
Revolution de 1870-71," of which a new and enlarged edition
was soon called for. It was the success of his dramatic
efforts, no doubt, that led to his appointment to the
managership of the National Theatre in 1885, in succession
to M. Perrin. In this responsible office, of which the diffi-
culties can be but faintly realised by those not behind the
scenes, he has displayed exemplary tact and judgment, and
his name will long be honourably associated with one of
the most illustrious and characteristic of French institutions.

Photo : Bettgue et Cie., Paris.

228

UNIVERSAL PORTRAIT GALLERY.

Photo: G. W. Wilson &• Co , Aberdeen.

New Paiace Yaed, Westminstee.

MR. J. W. MELLOR, Q.C.

The Chairman of Committee of the House of Commons was
unfortunate in the circumstances of his accession to his
present responsible and difficult office. In succeeding Mr.
Courtney, he had to follow the strongest and ablest Chairman
the House had had within living memory ; and too little
allowance was also made for the fact that he was called
upon to preside over the debates when they were more
embittered than they had been for a generation. Mr. Mellor
is the eldest son of an eminent judge, the Right. Hon. Sir J.
Mellor, and was born in 1835, and educated at Trinity Hall,
Cambridge. He was called to the Bar at the Inner Temple
in 1860, took silk in 1875, was elected a Benchei- in 1877,
and became Recorder of Grantham. It was in 1880 that
he took his seat in the House, as Member for Grantham.
In the first Home Rule Government, that of 1886, he filled
the post of Judge-Advocate-General, being nominated for the
Chairmanship by Mr. Gladstone in 1893, in pursuance of the
precedent that this office should be held by a member of the
party in power.

Photo : C. yandyJi, QueenS Gate, S.IK

/iX-<-4-0^

230

UNIVERSAL PORTRAIT GALLERY.

Photo: J. VaU,uinc& Sons. Dnndu. CeOSTHWAITE CHXTBCH.

MRS. LYNN LINTON.

Foremost among the antipathies which furnish scope and
material for Mrs. LjTin Linton's lively sarcasm is her
unconquerable aversion to the New Woman and all her
works. This much-abused personage has had to endure a
great deal of ridicule from critics of the coarser sex, but
never can she have felt so inclined to laugh at herself as
when exposed to the pungent mockery of the author of
"The Girl of the Period." Mrs. Lynn Linton was born at
Keswick in 1822, daughter of the Rev. J. LjTin, Vicar of
Crosthwaite, and her first book, "Azeth the Egyptian," was
published in 1846. It was followed two years later by
another antique story, "Amymone, a Romance of the Days
of Pericles." Then, in 1851, came " Realities," the first of
a long series of brilliant tales of modern life, which includes
"The True History of Joshua Davidson, Christian and Com-
munist" (1872), and "Pastor Carew, Millionaire and Miser"
(1886). A constant succession of clever articles and essays
has flowed from Mrs. Lynn Linton's facile pen, and she
was one of the ablest contributors to the Saturday Review
in its best days. Her marriage to Mr. W. J. Linton, the
engraver and author, was celebrated in 1858.

Photo : Bond Street Photo. Co., New Bond Street, IV.

2 - (/yyt^ A--^-^ '

232

UNWEBSAL PORTRAIT GALLERY.

Tke Hotel db Ville, Paeis, with this Pont St. Louis.

M. YVES GUYOT.

M. Yves Guyot is entitled to the respect of all men as a
singularly courageous and consistent publicist, and as one
who has suffered defeat and injury because of his steadfast
refusal to make any terms with the prevailing tendencies of
the age. Not merely a Free Trader and an advocate of
Direct Taxation in a land where such ideas find little favour,
he is as pronounced an Individualist as Mr. Herbert Spencer,
of whom, indeed, he is a disciple. The result of his ad-
herence to these unpopular principles is that he has lost his
seat in the Chamber of Deputies, and also on the Paris Muni-
cipal Council. He was born at Dinan on the 6th of Septem-
ber, 1843, and, like many other French politicians, began his
political career as a journalist. His attacks in La Lanteme
on the Prefecture of Police led to his condemnation to six
months' imprisonment in 1876, but the upshot of the cam-
paign was the retirement of the Prefect and of the Minister
of the Interior. In 1887 he held the portfolio of PubHc
Works in the Tirard Cabinet. It is characteristic of the
man that when violently assaulted by Anarchists at a
meeting in 1883, he refused to prosecute his brutal assailants.

234

UNIVERSAL PORTRAIT GALLERY.

rhoto: Frith &■ Co., Keigate.

The Univkesity College foe Central Wales, AfiEEYSTWiTH.

MR. LEWIS MORRIS.

The author of " The Epic of Hades " has many associations
with the PrincipaHty. Great - grandson of the famous
Welsh antiquary and poet, his namesake, he was born in
Carmarthen in 1834, and educated at Cowbridge and Sher-
borne Schools, and at Jesus College, Oxford, where in 1855
he took first-class in classics and was Chancellor's Prizeman,
and in 1877 was appointed an honorary fellow. He has
taken a leading part in the movement for the promotion of
higher education in Wales, and is a member of the governing
bodies of several Welsh colleges, including the one of which
a view appears above these lines. The volumes of his poems
that were first published — " Songs of Two Worlds, by a
New Writer " — at once brought him into vogue as a poet ;
and the success he thus achieved was more than maintained
by " The Epic of Hades." " A Vision of Saints " is but one
of several of his more recent works. In 1888 he received a
silver medal from the Queen in recognition of his Jubilee
Ode ; and in 1890 a collected edition of his works was
published.

Photo: W. &■ D. DoTviteji, Sbury Street, S.IV

236 UNIVERSAL POBTBAIT GALLERY.

MR. SYDNEY GRUNDY.

Born at Manchester in 1848, the most prohfic of Enghsh
playwrights was called to the Bar in 1869, and for six years
practised in his native city, at the same time trying his wings
as a dramatic critic and leader writer. His first eftbrt as a
writer for the stage was a comedietta, entitled A Little Change,
produced at the Haymarket on the 13th of July, 1872, the
occasion being J. B. Buckstone's benefit. In 1876 he came
to London to devote himself to the profession of a dramatic
author, with what results all the world knows. A mere
enumeration of his plays would occupy all the space at our
disposal here, so numerous have they been. His greatest
successes have been in pieces adapted from the French,
notably A Pair of Spectacles, of which the model was Les
Fetites Oiseaux, and A Village Priest, suggested by Le Secret
de la Terreuse. "Adaptation" is a term which may mean
very different things ; and in Mr. Grundy's case it does not
signify simply a change of names and scenes, but a heighten-
ing of tone, a transfusion of sentiment, and a development of
character, amounting often to reconstruction. Thus, in the
ever-delightful Pair of Spectacles, we have, in place of the
mere laughter-provoking piece of Labiche, a work in which
there are notes of true pathos and high seriousness, as well as
of delicate comedy. Of Mr. Grundy's more recent productions,
the most successful have been Sowing the Wind and The
Neiu Woman. In Slaves of the Ring he offered to the public
a play without an end ; but his courage met with scant
reward, and the experiment is not likely to be repeated.

Pf^oto: H. S. Mendelssohn, Fembridge Crescent, IV.

238

UNIVERSAL PORTRAIT GALLERY.

MR. CAMPBELL-BANNERMAN.

The Secretary for War is not of those who thrust themselves
forward, and though he holds one of the more important

■ offices in the Cabinet, he
has not even yet, in the
opinion of many competent
judges, risen to the height
of his capacity. A not
very frequent speaker in the
House, he has often, when
he does intervene in debate,
surprised and delighted
both friends and foes by
his readiness and felicity;
and he is the author of
the 7)iot " TJlsteria," which
has been admired and rel-
ished by many who are
opposed to Home Rule as
well as by his own party.
Son of the late Sir James
Campbell, he was born in
1836, and in 1872 assumed
his second surname under
the will of a maternal
uncle. He was educated at
Glasgow University and at
Trinity College, Cambridge,
and first took office in 1871, as Financial Secretary to
the War Office, returning to this post in 1880, and holding
it for about two years, when he became Secretary to the
Admiralty. »In 1884 he succeeded Sir George Trevelyan
as Chief Secretary for Ireland. In the first Home Rule
Government (1886) he was promoted to the War Secretaryship
an office to which he was reappointed in 1892.

ritolo: fan Bosch, Parit.

240

UNIVERSAL PORTRAIT GALLERY.

The Queen of Eoumajjia's Summer Kesidemcb.

THE QUEEN OF ROUMANIA.

Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth of Roumaxia, the "Carmen
Sylva" of literature, was born at Neiiwied, Germany, on the
29th of December, 1843, daughter of the late Prince Hermann
of Wied, by his marriage with the Princess Maria of Nassau.
In 1869 she married Prince Charles of Roumania, and on the
22nd of May, 1881, the Principality having been elevated to
a Kingdom, she was crowned Queen, amid the rejoicings of
a populace whose hearts she had long won by her charms
and graces, and by her sympathy with their national aspira-
tions. During the Russo-Turkish War of 1877, in which her
husband and his soldiers bore so brave a part, she Avas inde-
fatigable in her attentions to the wounded, and a touching
account has been given to the world of her personal minis-
trations in the hospitals. Her Majesty has had but one
child, a daughter, whose death, from diphtheria, in 1874, at
the age of four, moved her gifted mother to write some of
her most pathetic poems. Besides a good deal of verse, she
has written a number of stories, and has translated m$«iy
Roumanian songs into German.

242

UNIVERSAL FOBTBAIT GALLERY.

GOVEENMKNT HOUSE, OTTAWA

THE EARL OF ABERDEEN.

His Excellency the Governor-General of Canada, seventh
Earl of Aberdeen, and grandson of a Prime Minister, was
born on the 3rd of August, 1847, and educated at St.
Andrews, and at University College, Oxford. Succeeding to
the title in 1870, on the death of his brother, he took his
seat in the House of Lords as a Conservative ; but, dis-
approving of Lord Beaconsfield's foreign policy, he presently
enrolled himself under the standard of Mr. Gladstone, for
Avhom he had come to cherish a profound veneration. From
1881 to 1885 he was High Commissioner to the General
Assembly of the Church of Scotland. In 1886 he went
to Ireland in the capacity of Lord Lieutenant, and, as
herald of the Home Rule policy, Avas the object of enthu-
siastic expressions of favour from the populace. He
became Governor-General of Canada in 1893. His lordship
is hardly less eminent as a philanthropist than as an
administrator. He was a member of the House of Lords
Committee on Intemperance, > and contributed a thousand
pounds to General Booth's " Darkest England " scheme.

Photo: W. Notman &■ Son, Montreal.

244.

UNIVERSAL rORTRAIT GALLERY.

]5eaxtwood

MR. RUSKIN.

The greatest of a great generation of prose-writers, who has
taken not merely art, but nature, etliics, literature, history
and economics for his province, was born in Hunter Street,
Brunswick Square, in Februar}^ 1819, the only son of a Avine
merchant in Billiter Street. In 1821 the family removed to
Heme Hill, where he passed a childhood of solitude, chiefly
under his mother's care. In 1836 he matriculated at Christ
Church, Oxford, and in 1839 gained the Newdigate Prize
with a poem on the theme "Salsette and Elephanta." The
first volume of his first great work, " Modem Painters,"
primarily undertaken as a defence of Turner, was published
in 1843 ; the fifth and last appeared in 1860. " The Seven
Lamps of Architecture" belongs to 1849; the first volume
of " The Stones of Venice " saw the light in 1851, the second
and third in 1853 and 1854. Of Mr. Ruskin's Avritings sub-
sequent to 1860, the majority are concerned with the social
problems of the age, which are dealt with in a spirit of
stronw antaoronism to the dicta of the orthodox economists.
Of late years he has for the most part resided at Brantwood,
on Coniston Lake.

246 UNIVERSAL PORTRAIT GALLERY.

MR. CHAUNCEY DEPEW.

This distinguished orator, lawyer, and railway manager was
born at Peekskill, New York, on the 23rd of April, 1834,
and, having graduated at Yale in 1856, gave himself to the
study of the law, and was admitted to the Bar. Elected
to the New York Assembly in 1861, he two years later
became Secretary of State for New York. In 1866, having
been one of the Tax Commissioners for New York City
and, for a short time, Minister to Japan, he entered upon
the railway career in which he has been so signally success-
ful, becoming attorney for the New York and Harlem Raised
Railway Company, and two years later being appointed
general counsel. In 1882 he Avas promoted to the second
Vice-Presidency of the Company, and in 1885 to the Presi-
dency, becoming President also of another Company — the
West Shore Raised Railway. He stood for the Lieutenant-
Governorship of New York State in 1872 as the candidate
of the Liberal Republican party, but was not successful ;
and in 1877 was a candidate for the United States Senate,
but ultimately withdrew in favour of another. Mr. Depew
is recognised as one of the finest orators in the States, and
his vivacious and polished after-dinner speaking is not less
admired than the lofty eloquence of his graver moods. A
volume of his speeches was published in 1890, and has had
a large sale, not confined to one side of the Atlantic. In
1887 he received the degree of LL.D. from his alma mafer,
which does well to be proud of him as one of the mos,t
variously-gifted of her sons.

248

UNIVERSAL FORTBAIT GALLERY.

By Permission oflhe Coutuil of the Art Union of London.)

The Last of Mb. Feith's "Eoad to Ruxx" Skries

MR. W. P. FRITH.

Mr. Frith is a native of Yorkshire, having been born
at Studley, near Ripon, in 1819. At the age of sixteen he
entered Sass's Academy, and five years later exhibited
" Othello and Desdemona " at the British Institution, and
"Malvolio before the Countess Olivia" at the Royal Academy.
These were followed by pictures of various dramatic incidents
in English and French literature, all of them handled with
noticeable vigour. But the first work of his to bring him
fame was "Coming of Age in the Olden Time." The success
he achieved Avith this piece was, however, excelled by his
realistic pictures of characteristic English scenes — the familiar
"Ramsgate Sands" (1854), "The Derby Day" (1858), now
in the National Gallery, and "The Railway Station" (1862).
He became A.R.A. so long ago as 1846, and R.A. six years
later; in 1890 he had himself transferred to the retired list.

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Photo : Window &• Grove, Baker Street, It'.

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250

UNIVERSAL PORTRAIT GALLERY.

PROFESSOR DEWAR.

This eminent chemist, wlio had so narrow an escape from
drowning owing to a singular accident at Leith in 1894,

was born at Kincardine-on-
Forth in 1842, and educated
at Dollar Academy and at
Edinburgh University, where
he studied chemistry under,
and was assistant to. Dr.
(now Lord) Playfair. His
studios were continued at
Ghent, and presently he
was appointed Lecturer on
Chemistry at the Dick Veter-
inary College, Examiner in
the Universities of Edin-
burgh and London, and
Chemist to the Highland
Agricultural Societ}^ After-
wards he became Jack-
sonian Professor of Natural
Experimental Philosophy at
Cambridge, and FuUerian
Professor of Chemistry at
the Royal Institution. The
Professor has written many
papers on subjects relating
to chemistry and physics
and has greatly distinguished
himself by his lucid and brilliant lectures to children and
others. He is also a member of the Government Committee
on Explosives, and one of the greatest authorities on smoke-
less powders.

The Koval Institution-

252

UNIVERSAL FOM'liAIT GALLERY.

SIGNORINA SOFIA RAVOGLL

This admirable artist was born at Rome in 1865, and is
by a year the elder of the two sisters. At an early age
they commenced to study under Abbadia, and it Avas not
long before they appeared in Bellini's Norma at the Theatre
Royal, Malta. In this and in others of the traditional Italian
operas they appeared in most of the important towns of
their native land, until their vocal and dramatic gifts had
made them famous. In their early 3-outh, too, they fre-
quently performed as mandolinists, not only in Italy, but in
other lands as well. They first sang in Orfeo at La Scala,
Milan, in 1888, and Gluck's work at once sprang into new
life. The next year they appeared in the same parts in
Rome, and made an even greater sensation. They were first
heard in' London in 1890, as members of Signor Lago's
company, and did not fail of an enthusiastic welcome. The
elder sister was specially admired as Aida and Leonora, the
younger as Amneris and Azucenza, and still more as Urbano
in Les Hiujuenots. Both have appeared in Wagnerian roles
— Sofia as Venus in Tannhduser, and Giulia as Ortrud in
Lohengrin. In German opera the latter, by virtue of her
extraordinary dramatic gifts, is the more distinguished ; and,
though we do not forget the former's charming appearance
as Michaela in Caiwien, it is undoubtedly the fact that
her talent scarcely ever finds itself so well suited as
when she is assuming a part in one of the operas of her
own land.

Photo : H. S. Mendelssohn, Pembrid'^e Crescent, II .

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254,

UNIVERSAL PORTRAIT GALLERY.

WOECESTEE CaTHEDEaL.

THE BISHOP OF WORCESTER

Dr. Perowne belongs to one of those Huguenot families
to which English thought owes such considerable obligations.
Bom on the 13th of March, 1824, at Burdwan, Bengal, he
was educated at Norwich Grammar School and at Corpus
Christi College, Cambridge, where his career was one of
marked distinction. He has been Select Preacher at his
University, as well as at Oxford, and has also been Hulsean
Professor and Lady Margaret's Preacher. From 1862 to 1872
he was Vice-Principal of St. David's College, Lampeter; from
1869 to 1878 he held a canonry at Llandaft'; in the latter
year he was appointed to the Deanery of Peterborough, and
there he remained until, in 1890, he was nominated to
succeed Dr. Philpott in the Episcopal Chair of Worcester.
A member of the Old 'Testament Revision Committee and
of the Royal Commission on Ecclesiastical Courts, Dr.
Perowne is eminent among prelates not only for his exten-
sive learning and his sympathy with evangelical doctrine,
but also for his friendly relations with the Nonconformist
ministry.

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256

UNIVERSAL PORTRAIT GALLERY.

The Admiraity.

EARL SPENCER, KG.

Born on the 27th of October, 1835, the fifth Earl Spencer
was educated at Harrow and at Trinity College, Cambridge.
For a few months in 1857 he sat in the House of Commons
but his father's death in that year called him to the Upper
House, His first important appointment was to the Lord
Lieutenancy of Ireland, which he held from 1869 till 1874.
In 1880 he became Lord President of the Council. Two
years later he returned to Dublin Castle — to find him-
self confronted with the " Invincible " conspiracy. By a
vigorous and impartial use of the provisions of the Pre-
vention of Crimes Act, he gradually evolved order out of
lawlessness, and most of the murderers of Lord Frederick
Cavendish and Mr. Burke were brought to justice. In
1886 Lord Spencer, whose Irish experience had convinced
him of the wisdom of the Home Rule policy, again became
President of the Council, and in 1892 he was appointed
First Lord of the Admiralty. A keen sportsman and a
model country gentleman, his lordship exemplifies all the
best qualities of the English nobleman.

Photo : London Stereoscopic Company.

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258

UNIVERSAL PORTRAIT GALLERY.

OUTKE CODET OF THE OHAETEEUOUSE.

MR. FORBES-ROBERTSON.

Mr. Johnston Forbes-Robertson, the son of a well-known
journalist, lecturer, and art critic, was educated first at
the Charterhouse, and afterwards in France and Germany.
On his return he entered the Royal Academy School of Art.
But he did not complete his course of study, feeling, no
doubt, that, while it would take years for him to become
a painter, he was an actor already. His first appearance was
as Chastelard in Marie Stuart, at the Princess's. But it
was not till years later, when he assumed the role of Dunstan
Renshaw in The Profligate, that his great abilities attracted
the attention they deserved. In his next part — that of Baron
Scarpia in La Tosca — he made an even deeper impression,
and it was generally recognised that the performance was
one which no living actor could have excelled. He has since
appeared at the Lyceum as Buckingham in Henry VIII.
and as Sir Lancelot in King Arthur. Great as have been
Mr. Forbes-Robertson's achievements already, there can be
no doubt that a yet more distinguished future lies before
him.

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260

UNIVERSAL PORTRAIT GALLERY.

Thb Odeon Theatre.

M. COPPEK

Francois Edouard Joachim Copp^e, the most distinguished
of contemporary French poets, has been spoken of by
M. Henri Houssaye as having some resemblance to Alfred
de Musset, but Avith more tenderness and simplicity — " a
De Musset combined with a Dickens." He Avas born in
Paris on the 12th of January, 1842, and at the age of
twenty-four attracted notice with a volume of poems, " Le
Reliquaire," followed two years later by " Intimites." Besides
several other collections of poems, he has written exten-
sively in verse for the stage, his first production in this
kind, in which he collaborated Avith M. Armand d'Artois,
being La Guerre de Cent Ans (1878), foUoAved in 1879 by
Le Tresor, produced at the Odeon. Without enumerating
more of M. Coppee's productions, Ave may say that he has
written a orood deal of charming dramatic criticism, that
he received the Lambert prize from the Academy in 1869,
and that he was admitted to the ranks of the " Immortals "
so long ago as 1884. Of his refined and gentle pathos
it has been prettily said that it starts a tear Avithout
makinsf it fall.

Photo : Nadar, Paris.

'MiH^lL AV&/"^

262

UNIVERSAL PORTRAIT GALLERY.

Distant View of Hahbow.

DR. WELLDON.

The popular, Head Master of Harrow School, who is not only
a successful schoolmaster, but touches public life at many
points, was born on the 25th of April, 1854, and educated,
lirst at Eton, Avhere he won the Newcastle Scholarship, and
afterwards at King's College, Cambridge, of which he became
successively Bell Scholar, Browne's Medallist, Craven Scholar,
Senior Classic, and Senior Chancellor's Medallist. On leaving
King's College he resided abroad for some time, returning to
become a lecturer, and afterwards a tutor, of his college. In
1883 he became Head Master of Dulwich College, and was
so successful in that office that no surprise was felt at his
appointment two years later to the responsible post he now
holds. He has several times been Select Preacher both at
Cambridge and at Oxford, is a welcome speaker at Church
Congresses, is an Honorary Chaplain to the Queen, and was
a member of the Royal Commission on a Teaching Univer-
rAty for London. His works include translations of Aristotle's
" Politics " and " Rhetoric," and some volumes of sermons
preached to boys.

Photo : Fradelle &• Young; Resent Street, If.

264 UNIVERSAL PORTRAIT GALLERY.

MISS FANNY DAVIES.

This admirable pianist is claimed by Birmingham as one
of her children, although she was born — of English parents
— at Guernsey. But she Avas taken to the Midland metro-
polis at so tender an age, and has so many associations
with the place, that the pretension need not be opposed.
In her sixth year, having already learnt to play many little
pieces by ear, she began to take lessons; and at seven she
played a sonata of Beethoven's in the Birmingham Town Hall.
For some years she studied under the best local teachers,
until, in 1882, she went to Leipzic to sit at the feet of
Carl Reinecke and Dr. Oscar Paul, at the same time having
lessons in harmony from Jadassohn. The year she spent at
Leipzic was so profitabl}'- employed that when she went to
Frankfort-on-the-Main, Madame Schumann accepted her with-
out hesitation as a pupil. All the world knows how deeply
Miss Davies has drunk of the spirit of that great pianist,
and it is pleasant to learn that there is a very intimate
personal as well as musical tie between teacher and disciple.
Miss Davies began her professional career in October, 1885,
when she played Beethoven's Concerto in G major at the
opening concert of the Crystal Palace season. From that
time to this her name has frequently been seen in the
programmes of the best concerts given in this country. She
has also made a brilliant tour in Germany, has given concerts
at Rome and in other Italian cities, and has many times
played in the palaces of kings.

266

UNIVERSAL PORTRAIT GALLERY.

The Bank of England.

MR. GOSCHEN.

The Right Hon. G. J. Goschen is of German-Jewish descent,
and was born in London in 1831, and educated at Rugby,
and at Oriel College, Oxford, where he graduated with a
first class in 1853. Entering upon a career in the City, he
became a member of the firm of Friihling and Goschen, and a
Director of the Bank of England ; but in 1863 he was elected
Liberal Member for the City of London, and, on taking office
two years later as Vice-President of the Board of Trade, he
abandoned commerce for politics. He was admitted to the
Cabinet as Chancellor of the Duchy in 1866, became
President of the Poor Law Board in 1868, and in 1871
succeeded Mr. Childers as First Lord of the Admiralty.
Unable to take office under Mr. Gladstone in 1880, because
of his objections to the extension of the franchise, he was
sent to Constantinople as Ambassador-Extraordinary, Early
in 1887 he took the place of the late Lord Randolph
Churchill as Chancellor of the Exchequer, and in 1889
carried through a scheme for reducing the interest on the
National Debt. He has taken a leading part in. the Home
Rule controversy, on the Unionist side.

268

UNIVERSAL PORTRAIT GALLERY

i-hoto: ^^ymoui ir Co.

POETSMOUTH D0C£YAKD.

MR. WALTER BESANT.

Born at Portsmouth in 1838, this prolific author was
educated at King's College, London, and at Christ's College,
Cambridge, with a vieAv to the Church. His first book,
entitled "Studies in Early French Poetry," appeared in 1868,
and was followed up two years later by " The French
Humorists." The most popular product of his literary part-
nership with the late Mr. James Rice was " Ready-Money
Mortiboy," which was dramatised by the authors and pro-
duced at the Court Theatre. "All Sorts and Conditions of
]\ren," to which the People's Palace in the Mile End Road
owes its origin, was the first novel written by Mr. Besant
single-handed ; and it has been followed by a long list ot
others. Extensive as has been his production in this kind,
he has many other interests. Secretary to the Palestine
Exploration Fund, he has written a " History of Jerusalem,"
in conjunction with the late Professor Palmer, who forms the
subject of a sympathetic memoir from his pen. He has also
published an admirable work on London, and is one of the
founders of the Incorporated Society of Authors.

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270

UNIVERSAL PORTRAIT GALLERY.

One of Me. Alma-Tadema's Studios.

MR. ALMA-TADEMA.

This eminent Royal Academician was born at Dronryp, a
village in the Netherlands, in 1836. He enjoyed a Hberal
education, and took eagerly to the classics, from which he
was afterwards to draw so many of his themes. In 1852
he entered upon his professional training in the Royal
Academy of Antwerp, afterwards becoming a pupil of Baron
Henry Leys, and assisting him in painting several of his
large works. As soon as Mr. Alma-Tadema's Avorks were
introduced to the English public, they were so much appre-
ciated that he made London his home, and in 1873 became
a naturalised British subject. Only three years later he was
elected an A.R.A., and in 1879 rose to the dignity of R.A.
Beyond his special province of representing the daily life of
a time long past, where he has a school of imitators, Mr.
Alma-Tadema has done notable work as a portrait-painter,
especially in his presentment of Dr. Richter, the conductor,
and of Herr Barnay as Mark Antony. In 1871 he married
Miss Laura Epps, herself an artist of refinement and dis-
tinction.

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272

UNIVERSAL PORTRAIT GALLERY.

Photo: Valetttine i.^ ^ons Dunaee.

Thk University, Glasgow.

PROFESSOR BRYCE.

The Right Hon. James Bryce, probably the most erudite
member of Lord Rosebery's Cabinet, was born at Belfast on
the 18th of May, 1838, and educated at the Glasgow High
School and University, at Trinity College, Oxford, and lastly
at Heidelberg, where he acquired the easy command of
spoken German which enabled him, on some occasions, to
address the Teutonic electors of the Tower Hamlets in their
native tongue. In 1870 he was appointed Regius Professor of
Civil 'Law at Oxford, and held the post until 1893. He first
took office in 1886, as Foreign Under-Secretary; in 1892 he
attained to Cabinet rank as Chancellor of the Duchy ; and
in 1894 he assumed the Presidency of the Board of Trade.
His chief contributions to historical and constitutional litera-
ture are a work on " The Holy Roman Empire," which has
been translated into German, Italian, and French, and another,
already classical, on " The American Commonwealth." Mr.
Bryce is also an enthusiastic mountaineer ; he has explored
the highlands of Hungary, Poland, and Iceland, and is one
of the few climbers who have scaled Mount Ararat.

Photo: H. i. Mendelssohn, tei/ibrij^e Crescent, IV.

274

UNIVERSAL PORTRAIT GALLEJiT.

Portland, Maink

THE HON. NEAL DOW.

This venerable reformer is a native of the State which has
allowed him to shape its policy in relation to strong drink,
having been born at Portland, Maine, on the 20th of March,
1804. Sprung from a Quaker stock, he was an abolitionist
before he became famous as a prohibitionist, and played no
ignoble part in the Civil War. Having raised a regiment of
infantry a thousand strong, as well as a battery of artillery,
he was appointed Brigadier-General, and participated in
several engagements. He was twice wounded, and, having the
misfortune to be taken prisoner, was kept in captivity for
eight months. It was while holding the office of Mayor of
Portland in 1851 that he drafted the measure so widely
known as the Maine Liquor Law, of which its champions
assert that it has been in every respect a signal success ;
while on the other hand there are those who maintain that
it has been to a great extent inoperative. Mr. Dow's is a
familiar presence in Temperance circles in England, to Avhich
he has paid several long visits in order to advocate total
abstinence and prohibition.

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276 UNIVERSAL rOIlTRAIT GALLERY.

SIR A. C. MACKENZIE.

The Principal of the Royal Academy of Music is one of
several English composers whose operas and oratorios are
Avelcomed not only in their native land, but also in Germany
and in Italy. Both his father, Alexander Mackenzie, and
his grandfather, John M. Mackenzie, Were violinists of repute
at Edinburgh ; and in this city he himself was born, in
1847. His musical training Avas begun under his father;
but at the age' of ten he Avent to Germany to study under
IHrich E. Stein, being accepted four years later as a member
of the Schwarzburg-Sondershausen orchestra. In 1862 he came
to London to continue his violin studies under Sainton and
Charles Lucas, and in 1865 returned to Edinbuigh as teacher,
conductor, and composer. In 1879 he gave up his Edinburgh
connection and settled in Italy. His earliest considerable work,
the cantata Jason, was tirst performed in 1882 ; it Avas followed
m 1883 by the opera Colomha, produced Avith great success
at Drury Lane, and afterwards at Hamburg and clseAvhere
on the Continent. The oratorio entitled The Rose of Sharon
was composed in 1884 for the Norwich Festival: a second
opera. The Troithadour, Avas produced at Drury Lane in
1886 ; and since then Sir Alexander has produced a number
of important Avorks for the provincial FcstiA^als, including
The Lord of Life and Bethlehem. He has also Avritten many
instrumental pieces, among them a violin concerto and a
pibroch for the same instrument, and two Scottish rhapsodies.
He succeeded to the Presidency of the Royal Academy in
1888, and Avas knighted in 1895.

Photo: IK &■ D. Diiunty, Ubury Street, S.IV.

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278

UNIVERSAL PORTRAIT GALLERY.

SIR CHARLES DILKE, BART.

The Member for the Forest of Dean was born in 1843, son
of the Charles Wentworth Dilke who was created a baronet

for his services to the Great
Exhibition of 1851. He suc-
ceeded his father in the
baronetcy in 1869, and also
in the proprietorship of the
Athenceuin, which he is re-
puted to have edited for
some time. In 1874 he
entered the House of Com-
mons as Member for Chelsea,
and made his mark during
that Parliament with a
measure extending the hours
of polling in the Metropolis,
and by his able and well-
informed speeches on foreign
affairs. In 1880 he stood
aside to allow Mr. Chamber-
lain to enter the Cabinet,
contenting himself with the
Foreign Under-Secretary-
ship. Two years later he
joined the inner Government
circle as President of the
Local Government Board,
and in that capacity con-
ducted the Redistribution Bill through the Lower House with
rare tact and skill. Losing his seat for Chelsea in 1886, he
retired from public life, and the House of Commons knew him
no more until 1892. Among his literary works is " Greater
Britain," the precursor of " Problems of Greater Britain."

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Ihoto : London itlereoscopic Lompany,

280 UNIVERSAL PORTRAIT GALLERY.

UlLI^r^i?J^J■?JHJHJ?L^EJ^J^J^JHJWHJ■EJ^JEJE^E_rH

m^P^ife^^Jlri^

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MRS. BEERBOHM-TREE.

This clever actress is, no doubt, the most learned lady
on the stage. She early developed a taste for mathe-
matics and the classics, and after a brilliant education
became a member of the teaching staff of Queen's College.
Her favourite subject was Greek, in which she attained to
uncommon proficiency; and one of her recollections of life
at the College is of having taken part in a Greek play
before Mr. Gladstone. It was in 1884 that she was married
to Mr. Beerbohm-Tree ; and, having always had a bent
towards acting, she now set herself to the study of the
histrionic art. Devoting herself to it as thoroughly as she
had before applied herself to the classics, she made such
rapid progress as to surprise her friends when she made
her debut in The Millionaire. Another early part in which
she attracted attention was that of Lady Betty Noel in Ladi/
Clancarty, at St. James's Theatre. In The Bed Lamp, with
which Mr. Beerbohm-Tree began his management of the
Haymarket, she won golden opinions by the subtlety and
force of her Princess Claudia Morakoff. Among her subse-
quent parts are those of Desdemona, of Stella Darbisher in
Captain Swift, of Mistress Anne Page in The Merry Wives
of Windsor, of Henriette Laroque in A Man's Shadow, and
of Marguerite in A Village Priest. But her Ophelia, the
part in which our portrait shows her, is probably the greatest
thing Mrs. Beerbohm-Tree has yet done. In the American
tour of the Haymarket Company, in the early months of
1895, her accomplished acting won the unstinted admiration
ahke of the critics and of the public.

282

UNIVERSAL PORTRAIT GALLERY.

A Bit of Philadelphia.

MR. F. R STOCKTON

Mr. Stockton is a native of Philadelphia. He was born
in that city on the 5th of April, 1834, and was educated
at the Central High School. His first intention was to be
an engraver, but after a while he entered upon a journal-
istic career. After writing a number of stories for children,
distinguished by a vein of original fancy, he joined the
staff of a daily newspaper at Philadelphia. Subsequently
he obtained successive appointments on Hearth and Home
and Scribners (afterwards The Century), and it was for this
latter periodical that his famous "Rudder Grange" papers
were written. When St. Nicholas was started he was ap-
pointed its assistant editor. He is the author of several
novels — among them " The Late Mrs. Null," " The Hundredth
Man," and "Ardis Claverden" — and of a number of novelettes,
but he is seen to most advantage in his short stories, which
form an admirable medium for his pleasant humour and
his invention. " Pomona's Travels," a sequel to " Rudder
Grange," was published in 1894, and was extensively read
on both sides of the Atlantic.

Photo: Charles Parker. iVashingtoii.

^.2.^/^^:

284 UNIVERSAL POBTBAIT GALLERY.

DR. McLaren.

The pastor of Union Chapel, Manchester, is the son of a
Glasgow minister noted, as he himself has long been, for
his ability as an expository preacher. Dr. McLaren's educa^
tion began at the High School of his native city, and was
continued at its University, Next he went through a four
years' theological course at Stepney College, at the same time
taking the B.A. degree of the London University. When,
therefore, in 1846, being now twenty-three years of age, he
went to Portland Chapel, Southampton, he was amply
equipped with scholarship. But his life since then has been
that of a student; and if preaching is the one thing he does,
it must be allowed that he does it superlatively well. His
great characteristics are his analytic power, and his faculty —
due largely to his quickness to perceive analogies between the
natural and the spiritual — for making spiritual truths trans-
parently clear to the intellect. Of the choice and luminous
illustrations in which his sermons abound we have room for
but a single specimen. Speaking of the danger of " catching "
the scepticisms which infect the moral atmosphere, he once
warned his hearers that " unbelief has a contagious energy,
wholly independent of reason, no less than faith, and affects
multitudes who know nothing of its grounds, as the iceberg
chills the summer air for leagues, and makes the sailors
shiver long before they see its barren peaks." Dr. McLaren
passed the chair of the Baptist Union of Great Britain
and Ireland in 1875, and has had many proofs of the
thoughtful love of his congrregfation.

i-hoto: HUiott & Jrv. Jiaker Street, IK

286

UNIVERSAL PORTRAIT GALLERY.

Ik a Coal Mine.

MR. THOMAS BURT, M.P.

The Parliairientary Secretary to the Board of Trade is one
of the httle band of men who by their high character, and
their large knowledge of their special department of politics,
have furnished ample justification for the direct representa-
tion of labour. He was born on the 12th of November,
1837, at Merton Row, near Percy Main, Northumberland, the
son of a miner. At the age of ten he left school to work
in the pit, but, having a thirst for knowledge, he began
the course of self-culture which explains how it is that one
whose early education was so scanty should be a man of
wide reading and general information. In 1865 he became
Secretary to the Northumberland Miners' Mutual Association,
and in 1874 was returned to Parliament as minors' member
for Morpeth. He was President of the Trades Uniom Con-
gress in 1891, and has enjoyed many other marks of the
confidence of the working classes ; while in 1880 he was
elected a member of the Reform Club by the Political Com-
mittee in recognition of his services to the Liberal cause.
He was appointed a member of the Labour and Mining
Royalties Commission in 1891, and has held his present
office since 1892.

288

UXIVERSAL ron TRAIT GALLERY.

Gatchina Palace, St. Petebsbubg.

THE CZAR OF RUSSIA.

To be called upon at the age of twenty-six to Avield the
sceptre of the Emperor of all the Riissias is about the
heaviest responsibihty Avhich mortal man could be called upon
to bear. When, on the 1st of November, 1894, His Imperial
Majesty succeeded to the throne, he was regarded with ex-
ceptional sympathy by multitudes in this country, who were
delighted with the evidences of his friendship with the Prince
of Wales, and had pleasant recollections of his visit to these
shores on the occasion of the marriage of his cousin the
Duke of York to the Princess May. The interest he showed
in British institutions while he was staying at Marlborough
House was not forgotten : and it was remembered that when
his health was proposed by the Lord Mayor at the dejeuner
at the Guildhall, at the reception of the King of Denmark,
he was able to respond to the toast in good English. His
Majesty, who was born on the 18th of May, 1868, and is the
second Nicholas who has sat on the Russian throne, married,
a few days after his accession, the lovely and accomplished
Princess Alix of Hesse, a granddaughter of Her ^lajesty
Queen Victoria.

Photo : Ltoitsky &■ Sous, St. rcttrsburs.

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290

UNIVERSAL PORTRAIT GALLERY.

The Senate House, Cambbidoe.

LORD ACTON.

The successor of Sir John Seeley in the Regius Professor-
ship of Modern History at Cambridge is, no doubt, the most
learned member of Lord Rosebery's Ministry, though he has
never been to a University. He was born in 1834, and
studied for a few years under Dr. (afterwards Cardinal) Wise-
man at Oscott, near Birmingham, and later at Munich under
the great Catholic historian, Dr. DoUinger. In 1856 he
accompanied his stepfather, the late Lord Granville, to
Moscow, to witness the coronation of Alexander IL From
1859 to 1865 he sat for Carlow in the House of Commons;
in the latter year he stood for Bridgenorth, hoping, he said,
to represent "not the body but the spirit of the Catholic
Church," and, though elected, was unseated upon scrutiny.
In 1869, the year of his elevation to the peerage as Baron
Acton of Aldenham, he was present at the (Ecumenical
Council at Rome, and did much, both with his pen and by
his power of organisation, to support the views of the "Old
Catholic " party on the question of Papal Infallibility. He
has long been an intimate friend of Mr. Gladstone.

Fhoto : Elliot! Sr fry. Baker Street, If'.

292

UNIVERSAL PORTRAIT GALLERY.

KiPON Caihkdkati.

THE BISHOP OF RIPON.

Dr. Boyd-Carpenter is probably the most accomplished orator
of the Church of England. To speak continuously with
fluency and lucidity, and at the same time with polished
grace, seems to have become with him a second nature ; and
even his Bampton Lectures on " The Permanent Elements
of Religion" were delivered without manuscript. He was
only fbrt3^-three when, in 1884, he was raised to the Bench
but he was already famous. Canlbridge is his alma mafer.
He graduated there in 1867, but it was not to be the end
of the connection, for he Avas appointed Select Preacher to
the University in 1875, and again in 1877 ; while in the
following year he was Hulsean Lecturer. He has also been
Select Preacher as well as Bampton Lecturer at > the sister
University, and was rewarded with its D.C.L. in 1889. His
first metropolitan incumbency Avas that of St. James's, Holloway,
to which he was appointed in 1870, exchanging it in 1879
for that of Christ Church, Lancaster Gate. In 1882 he was
nominated to one of the Windsor canonries, and two years
later succeeded Dr. Bickersteth in the episcopal chair at
Ripon.

thoto: lUliott &■ Fry Rater Strtet. M'.

294 UNIVERSAL PORTRAIT GALLERY.

MR. T. SIDNEY COOPER, R.A.

The prince of contemporary animal painters is to a great
extent a self-taught artist. The narrowness of his circum-
stances in early life debarred him from the tuition for
which he craved, and, had not his bent towards painting
been of the strongest, he would, no doubt, have contented
himself with some more immediately remunerative vocation.
After working for a time as a scene-painter, and then as a
drawing-master, he wandered through France and Belgium,
and presently settled for a while at Brussels, where he won
the notice of Verboeckhoven, the distinguished animal painter,
who gave to his talent the bias to which it has ever since
been obedient. Driven from Brussels by the political dis-
turbances of 1830, Mr. Cooper returned to England, and
was fortunate enough to attract the attention of Mr.
Vernon, the celebrated collector, whose favour was of no
little service to him. He began to contribute to the Royal
Academy about 1840, was elected an Associate in 184.5,
and was advanced to the dignity of R.A. in 1867. As all
the world knows, he has chosen to limit himself almost
entirely to animal painting. His special favourites are
cows and goats, which he groups amid precipitous rocks,
or on flat meadows by quiet streams; and few artists have
succeeded in drawing animal forms so faithfully. Mr. Cooper
is a native of Canterbury, where he was born in 1803;
and to this cit}^ when he had made name and fame, he
returned. He has ever since taken an active interest in its
aflairs, and some years ago presented it with an Art
Institute.

Frmn thr Painting by W. IV. Ouless, R.A.

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296

UNIVERSAL PORTRAIT GALLERY.

Photo : IK Heath, Plytnouth.

The Hoe, Plymouth, with the Pieb.

MISS MARIAN^ McKENZIE.

This eminent contralto vocalist is a native of Plj-moiith,
and here it was that her musical education began. Coming
to London, she became a student at the Royal Academy,
and from the first distinguished herself, winning the Parepa-
Rosa and the Westmorland Scholarships, as well as the
bronze, silver, and gold medals. She Avas a favourite pupil
of Signor Randegger ; while for the distinct enunciation'
which is not the least admirable of her qualities as a
singer she is largely indebted to the elocutionary training
she received from Mr. Walter Lacy. Among her fellow-
students Avas Miss Anna Williams, now one of our most
popular sopranos, Avhose brother, Mr. Smith-Williams, she
was afterwards to marry. Having made her debut, Miss
McKenzie Avas not long in achieving renoAvn. The quality
of her A'oice and her gift of declamation obviously marked
her out for success in oratorio. She has loner been a
favourite at the great FestiA'als, and is also in great request
in the concert-hall, Avhere her finished ballad-singing is
universally admired.

Photo: H. S. Mendelssohn, Pembridge CrescetU, IP.

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298 UNIVERSAL PORTRAIT GALLERY.

MR. S. R. CROCKETT

Although in his first great success, " The Stickit Minister,"
Mr. Crockett followed Mr. Barries lead, as " Ian Maclaren "
has done in "Beside the Bonnie Brier Bush," his work has
far too much individuality to expose him to the reproach of
imitation. It may be that neither in pathos nor in humour
is he quite the equal of the gifted writers with whom it
is inevitable that he should be compared ; possibly, also, his
craftsmanship is inferior to Mr. Barrie's. But in brilliance,
in imaginative glamour, and, above all, in fertility, he is
surpassed by no member of the school to which he belongs.
Until recently he was a Presbyterian minister, as '•' Ian
Maclaren " still is. He became Free Church minister at
Penicuik, a few miles south of Edinburgh, in 1886, and
there he remained until he recently resigned the pastoral
office in order to devote himself to literature. In " The
Raiders," which followed " The Stickit Minister," he showed
himself to be in the true romantic succession. Like " The
Lilac Sunbonnet," which Avas written some years before he
became famous, this tale of love and adventure in Galloway
may not be constructively perfect, but it is marked by
admirable qualities, and is suggestive of boundless fecundity.
Since then Mr. Crockett has published " Mad Sir Ughtred
of the Hills" and "The Play Actress." We can only add
that he was born at Duchrae, New Galloway, in 1859, the
son of a farmer, and that the first offspring of his literary
genius was a volume of poems, entitled " Dulce Cor," pub-
lished in 1886.

Photo: 3ohn Moffat, Edittburgh.

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300

UNIVERSAL PORTRAIT GALLERY.

Piciou, Nova Scotia.

SIR J. W. DAWSON.

The discoverer of the Eozoon Canadense was born at Pictou,
Nova Scotia, in 1820, but studied at Edinburgh University.
Devoting himself to the pursuit of geology, he assisted Sir
Charles Lyell in the explorations conducted by that great
geologist in Nova Scotia in 1842 and 1852. In 1850 he
became Superintendent of Education for Nova Scotia; five
years later he was appointed Principal of the McGill University
at Montreal, afterwards becoming Yice-Chancellor. Although
he has long been known as a strenuous opponent of Evolu-
tion, he has received many marks of honour in recognition
of his services to sreoloo-ical science. Thus in 1882 he Avas
awarded the Lyell Medal by the Geological Society of
London, was nominated First President of the Royal Society
of Canada, and was chosen President of the American Asso-
ciation for the Advancement of Science : while in 1885, the
year after he was knighted, he was President of the British
Association. Among his works are " The Geological History
of Plants," "Modern Science in Bible Lands," and "Modem
Ideas of Evolution."

302

UNIVERSAL PORTRAIT GALLERY.

Kingston, Jamaica.

MR. F. H. COWEN.

Mr. Cowen is a native of Kingston, Jamaica, where he was
bom in 1852. At the age of four he showed so marked a
bias towards music that his parents brought him to England
and placed him under Sir Julius Benedict and Sir John
Goss, who directed his studies until 1865, when he went
to Leipsic, and thence to Berlin. His works include two
oratorios, The Deluge and Riith — the latter composed for
the Worcester Festival in 1887 — and three operas, Pauline,
Tkor(jrim, and Signa, the two first composed for the Carl
Rosa Opera Company, the last produced at Milan in 1893,
and repeated in the following year at Covent Garden. Mr.
Cowen has also written an orchestral suite, entitled "The
Language of Flowers," several symphonies, and a number of
cantatas, among them The Rose Maiden, The Sleeping Beauty,
and The Water Lily. From 1888 to 1892 he was conductor
of the Philharmonic Society; and in May of the former
year he started for a six months' visit to Australia, com-
posing and conducting the Inaugural Ode for the Melbourne
Exhibition.

304 UNIVERSAL PORTRAIT GALLERY.

THE REV. ALEXANDER WHYTE, D.D.

The minister of Free St. George's Church, Edinburgh, is,
perhaps, the most richly-gifted preacher his communion has
had since Dr. Candhsh. He was born in 1837, at Kirrie-
muir, the Forfarshire village so intimately identified with
Mr. Barrie, Avho, though a much younger man, was his
fellow- student at Aberdeen University. The son of poor
parents, he had to go through a long struggle before, in
1858, he found his way to Aberdeen. In 1862 he entered
New College, Edinburgh, as a student for the ministry. His
lirst appointment was as colleague to Dr. John Roxburgh
in Free St. John's, Glasgow. In 1870 he was transferred
to Free St. George's, Edinburgh, as assistant to Dr. Candlish,
and since 1873 he has been sole minister of that important
congregation. Dr. AVhyte, as might have been expected from
his early environment, is before all things Evangelical ; but
in the controversy Avhich raged around the late Dr.
Robertson-Smith he warmly espoused the cause of that
great scholar, zealously defending the Higher Criticism as a
legitimate instrument of Christian thought ; and in his great
Bible-classes for ladies and for young men this sympathetic
student of medioevalism, of mysticism, and of Puritanism
has freely used the works of modern thinkers like Herbert
Spencer and Matthew Arnold as stimulants of inquiry.
His published works include a volume on the Shorter
Catechism, and studies of Dante, Behmen, Law, Rutherford,
and Bunyan.

fholo: John Moj/.ii, luniiviir^yi

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UNIVERSAL PORTRAIT GALLERY.

Photo: Tc tint &■ Co. , Oxfora.

Balliol Old Hall and Nkw Libbaby.

MR. ASQUITH.

In the middle of 1892 the Home Secretary had never held
office, and was only one of the promising young men of the
Liberal party : now his place among the finest orators and
best debaters of the House is as undisputed as is his
administrative success ; and none but the rash would venture
to set a limit to his career short of the very highest offices
in the State. Born in 1852, Mr. Asquith was educated at
the City of London School, and at Balliol College, Oxford,
where he had an exceptionally brilliant career, taking a first-
class in classics, winning the Craven Scholarship, and after-
wards being appointed Fellow. He was called to the Bar at
Lincoln's Inn in 1876, was Sir Charles Russell's second in
the Parnell Commission Inquiry, and also appeared in the
Baccarat suit. Since his appointment to the Home Secretar}--
ship his powers of lucid exposition have found scope in the
presentation of the Welsh Disestablishment and the Factories
and Workshops Bills. In the spring of 1894 he successfully
arbitrated in the great cab strike. His marriage with Miss
Margot Tennant was one of the social events of the same
year.

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308

UNIVERSAL PORTRAIT GALLERY.

PIERRE LOTI.

The real name of this celebrated sailor-writer, to whom
the French Academy opened its doors some years since, is
Louis Marie Jiilien Viand : the name which he has chosen
to use as a nom de guerre was conferred upon him by his
comrades in allusion to the modesty and bash fulness which
they found in his character, side by side Avith unusual
spirit and energy, loti being the name of a little Indian
flower which loves to conceal itself. He is a native of
Rochefort, and was born on the 14th of January, 1850>
member of an . old Protestant family much attached to its
traditional faith. He has made several voyages in Oceania,
to Japan, Senegal, and Tonquin, and in 1881 was appointed
to a lieutenancy. His naval career '\has yielded much
material for his Hterary genius ; but on one occasion his
pen brought him into disgrace with the authorities, the
graphic account of the behaviour of French soldiers at the
capture of the Hue forts which he sent to the Figaro
leading to his recall and temporary suspension. The most
successful of his works, probably, have been " Mon Frere
Yves," published in 1883, and " Pecheur d'Islande," which
was given to the world three years later. Mention must
also be made of "Le Livre de la Pitie et de la Mort,"
which has been done into English by Mr. T. P. O'Connor,
M.P. As M. Henri Houssaye has truly said, Pierre Loti is
at once painter and poet: forms and colours he reproduces
Avith admirable accuracy, but at the same time he infuses
into his work that soul of things of which the Latin pOet
speaks.

Pkoti: Dtlphiu, Foi/iefort.

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310

UNIVERSAL PORTRAIT GALLERY.

Queen's College, Cob£.

PROFESSOR EDWARD DOWDEN.

This brilliant critic was born at Cork in 1843, and educated
at Queen's College, in his native city, and at Trinity College,
Dublin, where he carried off* the Vice-Chancellor's prizes in
English verse and English prose, was elected President of
the Philosophical Society, and gained the first Senior
Moderatorship in Logic and Ethics. In 1867 he was appointed
to the Professorship of English Literature ; in 1888 he suc-
ceeded Professor Max Miiller as President of the English
Goethe Society ; and in the following year he became first
Taylorian Lecturer in the Taylor Institution at Oxford. He
owes his LL.D. to the University of Edinburgh, and has
received from the Royal Irish Academy its Cunningham
Gold Medal. Professor Dowden has long taken high rank
among Shaksperian scholars, and his " Shakspere : a Study
of his Mind and Art," has been translated into several
Continental languages ; he has also published an edition of
the Shakspere sonnets, with notes. His other works include
a volume of poems and an admirable biography of Shelley>
which promises to be the standard " Life " of the poet.

Photo; Robiitson, Dublin.

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312

UNIVEJiSAL PORTRAIT GALLERY.

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Gaeth Castle, Sie Donald Cuebie's Peethshiee Seat.

SIR DONALD CURRIE, M.P.

The founder and head of the firm which owns the Castle
Line of steamships between London and South Africa is
one of the most distinguished of our captains of industry;
but it was in recognition of vakiable services to the State
that he received the honour of knighthood. In 1877 he
was made a C.M.G. for the help he had rendered in the
settlement of the Diamond Fields dispute and of the Orange
Free State boundary. In 1881 his assistance to the Govern-
ment during the Zulu War, and especially in connection
with the memorable relief of Ekowe, was rewarded with a
K.C.M.G. It was not till 1880 that, at the age of fifty-five,
he entered Parliament, as Liberal member for Perthshire.
In 1885 he was returned for West Perthshire, for which he
was re-elected in 1886 in the Liberal Unionist interest, and
again in 1892. The son of a Greenock merchant. Sir
Donald went early in life to seek fortune at Liverpool, and
was taken into the service of the Cunard Company, which
long enjoj^ed the benefit of his enterprise and sagacity.

314

UNIVERSAL PORTRAIT GALLEUY.

BiBD s Eye View of Boston, Massachusetts.

THE REV. EDWARD EVERETT
HALE, D.D.

Dr. Hale, one of the hardest Avorkers in a strenuous age,
was born at Boston, Massachusetts, on the 3rd of April,
1822, and graduated at Harvard. In 1846 he entered the
Unitarian ministry as pastor of the Church of the Unity
in his native State ; ten years later he undertook the
charge of one of the most important churches of Boston,
and has held it ever since. A frequent contributor to
periodicals, he itts been editor of the Christian Examiner,
was founder and first editor of Old and New, and has
also been associated editorially with Lend a Hand and
with The Look Out. The number of Dr. Hale's books is
legion, and they have to do with a large variety of subjects
— theological, historical, political, and romantic. They include
a " Life of George Washington Studied Anew," a " Naval
History of the American Revolution," and " Franklin in
France," the last written in collaboration with his son and
namesake. Among his most widely-known stories are " The
New Ohio," and " S3'bil Knox, or Home Again."

Photo : The F. CuUkunst Co., Philadelphia.

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316

UNIVEESAL rORTRAIT GALLERY.

In Lincoln's Inn Fields.

SIR JOHN BUTTON.

The serious check encountered by the Progressive party
in the London County Council at the last election was
certainly due to no fault on the part of the ex-Chairman.
To succeed so brilliantly successful a Chairman as Lord
Rosebery was no easy task ; and Sir John Hutton may
well be content to be judged by the testimony of the Duke
of Norfolk and other leading members of the Moderate
party, who, at the last meeting over which he presided,
were emphatic in their recognition of his uniform courtesy
and impartiality. One feature of his policy which has com-
mended itself to the public irrespectively of j^arty is the
provision of open spaces ; and the last of such spaces which
it was Sir John Button's pleasure to dedicate to the use
and enjoyment of the public was Lincoln's Inn Fields. Bom
in London in 1842, Sir John was in the early part of his
career a journalist and newspaper proprietor. In the first
County Council he was Chairman of the Building Act Com-
mittee ; in the second he was Yice-Chairman of the Council,
and afterwards Chairman ; and for years past he has devoted
the whole of his time to his official duties.

318

UNWEUSAL PORTRAIT GALLERY.

Reading Room, Bodleian Libeaey, Oxford.

PROFESSOR F. MAX MULLER.

Strange as it must seem to all who are familiar with his
admirable English, it was not tiU his twenty-fourth year
that this distinguished philologist came to England. He
was born at Dessau, in 1823, son of Wilhelm Miiller, the
poet, and was educated at Leipsic, where he studied Sanscrit
under Brockhaus. Afterwards he worked at comparative
philology under Bopp at Berlin, and continued his Sanscrit
studies under Burnouf at Paris. The object which brought
him to Enofland in 1846 was the editinsf of the Rig- Veda
for the East India Company. He settled at Oxford, where
he was admitted to the University through Christ Church
(1851), became a professor of Modern Languages, assistant and
afterwards sub-librarian at the Bodleian, and Fellow of All
Souls. In 1868 a professorship of Comparative Philology was
created specially for him ; this he virtually resigned in 1875
in order to edit " Sacred Books of the East," an undertaking
which entitles him to the gratitude of all students of com-
parative religion. His original works deal with philosophy
and rehgion. as well as with philology.

fhoto : IV. Forsha-w, Oxford.

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320

UNIVERSAL FORTH AIT GALLERY.

MISS JULIA NEILSON.

Intended for a musical career, this admirable actress, on
returning to London from Wiesbaden, at the age of fifteen,
was entered as a student at the Royal Academy, and
won the Llewellyn Thomas gold medal for declamatory
singing, and several other enviable honours. But she was
already, in the midst of these triumphs, turning her eyes
stagewards. Struck by her rendering of the part of Galatea
in an amateur performance, Mr. (now Sir Joseph) Barnb}"^
gave her an introduction to Mr. W. S. Gilbert, the indirect
result being her appearance at the Lyceum in March, 1888,
as Cynisca to Miss Anderson's Galatea. In May of the same
year she assumed the part of Galatea at the Savoy, and
soon afterwards appeared as Lady Hilda in Broken HeirU
and as Selene in The Wicked World. In 1889 she took the
leading role in Mr. Gilbert's ill-starred Brantinghame Hall,
and though the piece was an utter failure, her strenuous
endeavour to make the most of a thankless part was
generally admired — by no one more Avarmly than by the
author. Engaged by Mr. Beerbohm-Tree, she sustained the
part of Julie in A Man's Shadow, and then went on tour
with the Haymarket company. At the reopening of the Hay-
market, in the autumn of 1890, she appeared as Clarice in
Comedy and Tragedy, as Pauline in Called Back, and next
as Drusilla Ives in The Dancing Girl, a part in which she
added appreciably to her reputation. Since then Miss
Neilson, who is now the wife of Mr. Fred Terry, has appeared
with distinction in most of the Haymarket pieces.

322

UNIVERSAL PORTRAIT GALLERY.

The Foeeign Office.

THE EARL OF KIMBERLEY, KG.

The statesman after whom the town ot Kimberley, in
West Griqualand, is named was born in 1826, and succeeded
to the title of his grandfather, the second Baron Kimberley,
in 1846. His official life began in 1852, with the Under-
Secretaryship for Foreign Affairs. It was while he was at
the Foreign Office that the Crimean War broke out ; and
during that difficult and dismal period he so commended
himself to Lord Palmerston that on the conclusion of the war
he was sent to St. Petersburg as Envoy Extraordinary and
Minister Plenipotentiary. In 1864 he was appointed Lord-
Lieutenant of Ireland, and it was on the eve of his retire-
ment from this office, in 1866, that he was created an Earl.
Since then he has served his country as Lord Privy Seal,
as Colonial Secretary, as Chancellor of the Duchy, as Indian
Secretary, as Lord President of the Council, and finally as
Foreign Secretary. From the death of Earl Granville tiU the
accession of Lord Rosebery to the Premiership he was the
eloquent and spirited leader of his party in the House of
Lords.

Phoro: li. Pasiingham, ^oiiin Aiidley ^(reet, ly.

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324

UNIVERSAL PORTRAIT GALLERY.

DR. PARKER

The orator of the City Temj)le has never gone without
critics, whom he has not suffered gladly; but it cannot be
denied that he is the most brilliant, if not the most pro-
found or the most scholarly, divine of his communion. He
Avas born at Hexham on the 9th of April, 1830, and studied
theology under Dr. Cameron, of Moorfields Tabernacle. He
then became a student at University College, at the same
time serving the Old Barbican Chapel as a " supply." His
first pastoral charge was at Banbury, where he settled in
1853. Five years later he became minister of the Cavendish
Street Church, Manchester, remaining there until, in 1869,
he c^me to the Old Poultry ChapeL In 1874 the City
Temple, which had been built at a cost of about £70,000, was
opened, and it is still crowded Sunday by Sunday with
those who come — from far rather than from near — to enjoy
his pungent and picturesque eloquence. Dr. Parker was
Chairman of the London Congregational Board (from which
he has now withdrawn) in 1883, of the Congregational
Union of Ens^land and Wales in 1884, and of the London
Congregational Union in 1890. When the late Sir John
Seeley anon3'mously published his "Ecce Homo," Dr. Parkef
had the courage to send forth a counterblast, entitled " Ecce
Deus." He has also made more than one essay in fiction ;
but the work by which he is best known is his " People's
Bible." The completion of the twentj'-fifth year of his
ministry in London was signalised during 1894 by the
presentation to him of a cheque for a thousand guineas.

Photo : London stereoscopic Company.

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326

UNIVmSAL PORTRAIT GALLERY.

The Edinbuegh Academy.

MR. ANDREW LANG.

This accomplislied scholar and versatile litterateur was born
at Selkirk, in 1844, and educated at the Edinburgh Academy,
at St. Andrew's, and lastly at Balliol College, Oxford, where
he graduated first class in classics, being elected Fellow of
Merton in 1868. For many years he has been on the staff
of the Daily News, to whose columns he has contributed
hundreds of articles in which gay humour is combined with
refined scholarship, forming a blend as unmistakeable as it
is delicate. He is also the author of the monthly article
"At the Sign of the Ship" in Long-man's Magazine. Several
volumes of his graceful verse have been published, and he
has edited a delightful series of Fairy Books, a "Blue Poetry
Book," and a collection of " True Stories," His graver work
is represented by his " Custom, Ritual, and Myth," his
" Homer and the Epic," and his translation, in conjunction
'with other scholars, of the Iliad and the Odyssey. Nor
must we forget to say that he wrote the "Life of Lord
Iddesleigh," and collaborated with Mr. Rider Haggard in
"The World's Desire."

Photo : EllioU Sr Fry Baker Street, IV.

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328 UNIVERSAL PORTBAIT GALLERY.

RUIXS OF AN AKCIKNT EgYPTIAX TEMPLE AT AmEN Ka (FROil " ThE DaWN OF

Asteonomt").

PROFESSOR NORMAN LOCKYER, C.B.

OxE of the earliest appointments of this indefatigable astro-
nomer and physicist was that of Secretary of the Royal
Commission on Scientific Instruction and the Advancement
of Science, in 1870, On the termination of its labours, he
was transferred to tlie Science and Art Department at South
Kensington, to which he is still attached. He was leader
of the English Government Eclipse Expedition to Sicily in
1870, and of that to India in the following year, and was
Rede Lecturer at Cambridge in 1871. Three years later he
was Bakerian Lecturer of the Royal Society, which awarded
to him its Rumford Medal ; and he held the Lectureship
again in 1888. Though much more a pioneer than a,
populariser of science, the Professor wields a vigorous pen.
He is editor of Nature, and has written many books, one
of the most recent of them being " The Dawn of Astronomy,"
in which, with rare learning and ingenuity, he develops an.
original theory as to the connection between the mythology
and astronomy of ancient Egypt.

330 UNIVEESAL PORTRAIT GALLERY.

DR. STORRS.

This eloquent Congregational divine was born at Braintree,
Massachusetts, on the 21st of August, 1821, and graduated
at Amherst College in 1839, and some years later at Andover,
where, having taken a course of law, he studied theology.
His first pastorate was at Brookline, in his native State ;
this he held for about a year, and then resigned it to take
charge of one of the most important and influential churches
in America — that of the Pilgrims at Brooklyn. Here he
has ever since remained, and the tie which has so long
subsisted between pastor and people is not likely to be
severed so long as capacity for service remains to him.
Dr. Storrs is first and foremost an orator, with an unusual
faculty for vigorous and impressive impromptu speech, and
a memory of singular tenacity, which enables him, on occa-
sion, to crowd his addresses with names and dates without
having recourse to a single note. But he is also known
among men as a journalist and a student of history. From
1848 to 1861 he was one of the editors of the Independent,
and for many years he has been President of the Long
Island Historical Society. The results of his historical
researches are seen in his works on " The Early American
Spirit " and " The Declaration of Independence," and still
more in " The Divine Origin of Christianity Indicated by
its Historical Effects." Among his other books are " The
Puritan Spirit " and the Graham Lectures on " The Wisdom,
Power, and Goodness of God as Manifested in the Consti-
tution of the Human Soul."

Photo: Shgrtnan &• AJcHit^h, Anv York.

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332

UNIVERSAL PORTRAIT GALLERY.

PKoto: Taunt &■ Co, Oxfora.

Oeiel College and Chapbl, Oxpoed.

THE EARL OF CRANBROOK.

Lord Cranbrook, tlie Mr. Gathorne-Hardy of the days Avhen
he was one of the most vigorous debaters in the House of
Commons, was born in 1814, son of the late Mr. John Hardy,
who once sat for Bradford. Educated at Shrewsbury, and at
Oriel College, Oxford, he entered Parliament in 1856. Two
years later he was appointed Under-Secretary of State for
the Home Department, and in 1859 gained a great victory
for his party by defeating Mr. Gladstone in the candidature
for Oxford University. In 1866 he became President of the
Poor Law Board, and on the retirement of Mr. Walpole was
appointed Home Secretary, holding office till the Ministry
resigned in 1868. After the Conservative victory of 1874 he
became War Secretary. In 1878 he was elevated to the
House of Lords as Viscount Cranbrook, and succeeded Lord
Salisbury as Secretary for India. In the Administrations
of 1885 and 1886 he was Lord President of the Council,
being created an Earl in 1892.

334

UNIVERSAL POBTBAIT GALLERY.

King's College, Loni/Ox.

MR. FREDERIC HARRISON.

Born in London in 1831, this brilliant essayist was educated
at King's College, and won a scholarship, and was afterwards
elected to a fellowship, at Wadham College, Oxford, where
he graduated first class in classics in 1853. Having been
called to the Bar in 1858, he began to practise in the Equity
Courts, making a special study of equity and international
law, as well as of the great social questions of the day. He
was a member of the Royal Commission on Trades Unions
(1867-69) ; was Secretary of the Royal Commission for the
Digest of the Law (1869-70); was examiner in jurisprudence
for the Inns of Court from 1869 to 1876, and for the London
University from 1875 to 1879; and from 1878 to 1889 held
the Inns of Court Professorship in the same subject. In
1888 he was appointed a member of the States Trial Com-
mittee, and from 1889 to 1893 was an Alderman of the
London County Council. As leader of the Newton Hall
section of the Positivist community, Mr. Harrison's New
Year's Eve addresses are much admired for their elevated
sentiment and vigorous thinking, as well as for their
eloquence.

^^<>Jv^^^ ^^^h^i^^J^'S

336

UNIVERSAL PORTRAIT GALLERY.

Fbom "The Cheistenixg of the Peincess Royal," by C. R. Leslie, R.A.

THE EMPRESS FREDERICK.

Her Imperial Majesty was born at BuckinGfham Palace
on the 21stt of November, 1840, and was baptised on the
10th of the following February, in the names of Victoria
Adelaide Mary Louisa. Describing the ceremony, the Prince
Consort said that the royal infant " behaved with great
propriety, and like a Christian," " She was awake," he added,
" but did not cry at all, and seemed to crow Avith immense
satisfaction at the lights and brilliant uniforms, for she is
very intelligent and obser\*ing." Her marriage Avith the Crown
Prince of Prussia, afterAvards for all too short a period
German Emperor, Avas celebrated on the 25th of January,
1858, and resulted in the birth of eight children, of Avhom
the eldest is the present Emperor, William II. As all the
AA^orld knoAvs, the union Avas essentially one of affection,
and the Emperor Frederick, one of the most humane and
enlightened of monarchs, Avhose untimely death Avas lamented
throughout the civilised Avorld, appreciated to the full the
cultivated intelligence, the sound judgment, and the high
character of his consort.

f/u4o: T. H. Voigt, Hamburg

338

UNIVERSAL PORTRAIT GALLERY.

Review in Windsoe Geeat Pabs of the Teoops from the Ashanii Wae.

VISCOUNT WOLSELEY, K.R

The varied and eventful career of the illustrious soldier
who is now Commander-in-Chief of the Army in Ireland
is not to be traced even in outline in the space at our
command. Born at Golden Bridge House, near Dublin, on
the 4th of June, 1833, the son of Major J. G. Wolseley,
he entered the Army in 1852, and at once saw active
service. He was severely wounded in the Burmese War
of 1852-53, and again during the Siege of Sebastopol.
The China War of 1860 saw him on the Staff as Quarter-
Master-General; his first independent command came seven
years later, when he brought to a successful issue the Red
River Expedition against Riel. For his conduct of the
Ashanti Campaign he received the thanks of Parliament and
a grant of £25,000. His brilliant generalship at Tel-el-Kebir
was rewarded with a further grant of £20,000 and a peerage;
and after the Soudan campaign of 1884-85 he was made
a Viscount and a K.P. In 1894 he was appointed Field-
Marshal, and our portrait shows him in his Marshal's
uniform.

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Phmo: Lajayt.te, Dublin.

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340

UNIVERSAL PORTRAIT GALLERY.

The Choie of St Paul's, with the Pulpit.

CANON SCOTT-HOLLAND.

Since tlie death of Dr. Liddon this eloquent divine has
been easily chief among the preachers attached to St. Paul's
Cathedral. He was born at Ledbury, Herefordshire, in 1847,
and was educated at Eton and at Balliol College, Oxford,
where he graduated B.A. with a first class in 1870, being
elected to a senior studentship at Christ Church in the
same year, holding the theological tutorship from 1872 to
1885, and becoming censor in 1883. In 1882 he had been
Select Preacher to the University, and in this and the
following year he was senior proctor. He was appointed
Honorary Canon of St. Petroc in Truro Cathedral in 1883,
and became a Canon of St. Paul's in 1884. For several
years (1883-91) he was Examining Chaplain to the Bishop
of Truro. He is the author of a volume on the ApostoHc
Fathers, contributed the article on Faith to " Lux Mundi,"
and has published several notable collections of sermons,
including "Logic and Life" (1882), "Creed and Character"
(1886), "Christ or Ecclesiastes " (1887), and "On Behalf of
Belief" (1888). The article on Justin Martyr in the "Dic-
tionary of Christian Biography" is from his pen.

Photographed for the Church Agency, Lim.

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342

UNIVERSAL PORTRAIT GALLERY.

A DirrcH Scene.

"MAARTEN MAARTENS."

This eminent Dutch novelist, immediate as was his success
when his first book saw the hght, had to encounter no
httle difficuhy in getting a hearing. As we learn from a
sketch by Mr. M. H. Spielmann in the Graphic, he re-
fused to go to the Bar because of his disinclination to
prove black white, and was giving himself, not very whole-
heartedly, to politics when the ill-health of his wife pointed
to the desirability of a sojourn in the Riviera. It was
during this period of enforced leisure that he sought occu-
pation in writing fiction, and the result of the attempt,
" The Sin of Joost Avelingh," was published about the end
.of 1889. Encouraged by its reception, he followed it up in

1891 with "An Old Maid's Love," which was succeeded in

1892 by "A Question of Taste" and "God's Fool," and
these by "The Greater Glory" (1894). The perfect mastery
of English which his works make manifest is explained by
the fact that several of his early years were spent in an
English school. Among his most salient qualities as a novelist
are his remarkable powers of satire, his insight, and his moral
elevation.

Photo: H. S. Mendelssohn. Pembrif^e Crescent, IV.

ClI'-'-ip ^ .uuc«^

344

UNIVERSAL FOBTBAIT GALLERY.

View in Studley Park.

THE MARQUIS OF RIPON, KG.

The lord of Studley Royal has had a long and varied
official career. Born in the year 1827, he entered the
House of Commons as Liberal member for Hull in 1852,
and remained in the Lower House until, in 1859, he
succeeded his father as Earl of Ripon, taking office the
same year as Under-Secretary for War. His next appoint-
ment was as Under-Secretary for India, and shortly after-
wards, in 1863, he attained to Cabinet rank as War
Secretary. In 1866 he became Secretary for India, and
from 1866 to 1873 was Lord President of the Council. In
1871 he had been raised to a marquisate ; his conversion
to Roman Catholicism dates from 1874. When the Liberals
came back to office in 1880 his lordship was appointed
Viceroy of India, a post which he resigned in 1884, to the
gi'eat regret of the natives, among whom he had become
exceedingly popular. In Mr. Gladstone's administration of
1886 he was First Lord of the Admiralty, and since 1890 he
has been at the Colonial Office. Lord Ripon is notable among
peers for his strong democratic sympathies.

Ph:to : Barrautis, Lim,

(il^

346

UNIVERSAL PORTRAIT GALLERY.

MR FRANK DICKSEE, RA.

This characteristically English artist is a native of London.
He was born on the 27th of November, 1853, and studied
first under his father, Thomas Francis Dicksee, and after-
wards in the Royal Academy schools, where in 1872 he
won a silver medal with a drawing from the antique, while
in 1875 he carried off the gold medal with a vigorous picture
entitled " Elijah confronting Ahab and Jezebel in Naboth's
Vineyard," exhibited in the following year. His " Harmony,"
produced in 1877, when he was only in his twenty-fourth
year, was bought by the Council of the Academy under
the terms of the Chantrey bequest, and the etching of
it by Waltner carried his name and fame beyond the
seas. Among the charming canvases that followed it were
" The Embarkation " (1879), a theme taken from the " Evan-
geline" of Longfellow, "The House Builders" (1880), '^The
Symbol" (1881), "The Love Story" (1882), "The Foolish
Virgins" (1883), "Romeo and Juliet" (1884), "Chivalry"
(1885), "Memories" (1886), and "Hesperia" (1887). In later
years Mr. Dicksee has shown " Within the Shadow of the
Church" (1888), "The Passing of Arthur" (1889), "The
Redemption of Tannhauser " (1890), "Leila*" (1892), 'The
Funeral of a Viking" (1893), and "The Magic Crystal" and
"A Summer Sea" (1894). To the Exhibition of 1895 he
sent four canvases — " A Reverie," " Paolo and Francesca," and
two North Devon Coast Scenes. He was elected an A.R.A,
in 1881, and an R.A. in 1891, the year in which he exhibited
his celebrated " Mountain of the Winds." His diploma work,
entitled "Startled," was shown in 1892.

J'hoto: ff. &• D. Downey, Ebury Street, S.IV.

^^^c /jaiAio

348

UNIVERSAL PORTRAIT GALLERY.

The Schloss-Beucke, with the Lustgaeten, Beelin.

THE RIGHT HON. SIR EDWARD
MALET.

The British Ambassador at Berlin is a diplomatist by
descent. His father was the late Sir Alexander Malet,
K.C.B., once British Minister at Frankfort, and he was born
at The Hague on the 10th of October, 1837. His varied
and successful diplomatic career began in 1854, as attache
at Frankfort, and he afterwards held appointments at
Brussels, Rio de Janeiro, Washington, and many other
capitals. In 1878 he was Minister Plenipotentiary at Con-
stantinople in the absence of the Ambassador ; in the
following year he went to Egypt as Agent-Consul-General,
being rewarded in 1881 with a K.C.B., and in 1882 with
the Khedive's Star. In 1883 he was made Envoy Ex-
traordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary at Brussels, and
succeeded the late Lord Ampthill as Ambassador at
Berlin in 1884. In 1885, the year of his marriage with
Lady Ermyntrude Russell, daughter of the ninth Duke of
Bedford, his Excellency was sworn a Privy Councillor and
made a G.C.M.G., and was honoured with a G.C.B. in
1886.

moMMTi.

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350

UNIVERSAL PORTRAIT GALLERY.

i'hoto : Rhonaidez: l-'rires. Athens.

Thk Royal Palace, Athens.

THE QUEEN OF GREECE.

Her Majesty the Queen of the Hellenes belongs to the
Rojal House of Russia, being the eldest daughter of the
Grand-Duke Constantine, brother of the late and uncle of
the present Czar. She was born on the 3rd of September,
1851, and christened Olga Constantino vna. She was married
to King George — who is a brother of Her Royal Highness
the Princess of Wales and of the Empress Marie of Russia,
being a son of Prince Christian of Schleswig-Holstein-Son-
derburg-Gllicksburg, the present King of Denmark — on the
27th of October, 1867, four years after her consort, at the
invitation of the Greek National Assembly, had assumed
the Hellenic crown. There have been seven children of the
marriage — Prince Constantine, the Heir-Apparent, born on
the 2nd of August, 1868; Prince George, on the 24th ot
June, 1869 ; the Princess Alexandra, on the 30th of August,
1870 ; Prince Nicholas, on the 21st of January, 1872 ;
Princess Maria, on the 3rd of March, 1876 ; Prince Andrew,
on the 1st of February, 1882 ; and Prince Christopher, on
the 10th of August, 1888.

352

UNIVEBSAL PORTRAIT GALLERY.

t^-.-jf ■ _*

Off Gbkenhithe (^fbom the " Tidal Thames' ).

MR. GRANT ALLEN.

A siXGULARLY lucid exponent of evolution, Mr. Grant
Allen has given special attention to the more aesthetic
aspects of the theory, notably in his books on " The Colour
Sense " and " Flowers and their Pedigrees." Since 1883,
when his "Strange Stories" were published, he has given
his attention almost entirely to fiction, though he turned
aside to supply the text for the work from which the
above illustration is taken. His novels have had a large
circulation, but their author, with ingenuous candour, has
proclaimed from the house-tops that he thinks very little
of them himself, and that the only one of them which he
has written to please himself is " The Woman Who Did,"
which, rather curiously, seems to not a few critics to be a
less artistic production than those in which he strove to
bring himself down to the level of the vulgar. We can
only add that this versatile litterateur, though a graduate
of Merton College, Oxford, and boasting Irish blood, is a
Colonial, having been born at Kingston, Canada, on the
24th of February, 1848.

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354

UNIVERSAL PORTRAIT GALLERY.

J^/wta: H. C. J innings, A

General View of Noewich.

THE REV. DR. BARRETT.

Dr. Barrett, who has been so long and so honourably
associated with the ancient city of Norwich, is a graduate
of London University, and received his degree of Doctor
of Divinity from the University of St. Andrews. He studied
theology at Lancashire College, entered upon his ministerial
career in 1866, and was called to the chair of the Con-
gregational Union in 1894. With the developments in
doctrine and in method which recent years have witnessed
he has little sympathy ; but those of his co-religionists who
are identified with the new ideas are little likely to com-
plain of his temperate and judicious advocacy of the older
Evangelicalism. The first of his two Presidential addresses
dealt with " The Secularisation of the Pulpit ; " the theme
of the second and complementary one was "The Secularisa-
tion of the Church." The timeliness and reasonableness of
much that he was moved to say by way of caution to
those who accept " the gospel of the secular life " must
have been obvious to all who heard him ; and he for his
part frankly conceded that " the problems of social life de-
mand solution as much as the problems of individual life."

356

UNIVERSAL PORTRAIT GALLERY.

yhoto: II'. Laurence, Dublin.

O'Co.NNELL (Sackvillb) Steebt, Doblin,

MR. MICHAEL DAVITT.

The courage and sincerity of this eloquent Irishman have
long been recognised by those who have no sympathy Avith
the causes which he has done so much to promote. The
son of a farmer of Straide, Co. Mayo, he was born in 1846.
While he Avas yet a child his father was evicted from
his holding, and removed to Haslingden, in Lancashire,
where the boy Michael was put to work in a factory, and
there met with an accident which resulted in the loss of
his rio-ht arm. Becomini; a Fenian, he in 1870 was sen-
tenced to fifteen years' penal servitude for having illegal
arms in his possession. By the time he was released, in
1877, on ticket-of-leave, he had thought out the plan of an
organisation for advancing the interests of the Irish tenants;
and presently the Land League was founded in offices in
Sackville (now O'Connell) Street, Dublin. In 1881-82 he
served a further fifteen months of his unexpired sentence,
and in the following year was incarcerated for four months in
default of entering into bail to keep the peace. He was
elected to the Dublin Town Council in 1885, and for a few
months in 1892-93 sat in the House of Commons.

Pholo : U . &■ D. D<nvitty, Ebury Street, S. //'.

m^5UaA-.4^>i^^

358

UNIVERSAL PORTRAIT GALLERY.

View in yAMAiiCAND.

PROFESSOR ARMINIUS VAMBERY.

The Hungarian traveller and scholar is one of those who
have risen to eminence by their own enterprise and talent.
His father dying a few months after his birth, in 1832, his
mother was left to bring up a large family in poverty, and
at the age of twelve apprenticed him to a ladies' dress-
maker. Presently he became a waiter and tutor at the inn
of Duna-Szerdahely, his native village, and there remained
until he contrived to enter himself as a student at the
Pressburg Gynmasium. Afterwards he was for some time a
tutor at Pesth. In 1853 he set out for Constantinople, and
five years later published his German-Turkish Dictionary.
Then, in the disguise of a dervish, he visited many unfre-
quented parts of the East, crossing the deserts of the Oxus
to Khiva, proceeding to Bokhara, Samarcand, Herat, and
Meshed, and coming back by way of Teheran and Trebizond.
Soon after his return from this daring expedition he became
Professor of Oriental Languages in the University of Pesth.
He has written extensively on Eastern politics, and in 1885
undertook a lecturing tour in England to stir up public
opinion against Russian encroachments.

Photo: K. K oiler, Biidafest.

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36J

UNIVERSAL rORTBAIT GALLERY

Photo; h\ La-wrence, Dubiin,

THB PiiESBVTEBIAN CoLLKOE, BELFAST.

THE REV. JOHN HALL, D.D.

This eminent Presbyterian divine is an Irishman, born in
the county of Armagh on the 31st of July, 1829. At the
age of thirteen he entered Belfast College, and on the com-
pletion of his studies, in 1849, received his licence to preach.
For some time he engaged in evangelistic work in the
West of Ireland, then settling at Armagh as pastor of the
Presbyterian church, which he resigned in 1858 in order to
become minister of St. Mary's Abbey, Dublin. In 1867 the
Presbyterian Church of Ireland delegated him to represent
it before the Presbyterian Churches of the United States,
and no sooner had he returned than he was invited to
become minister of one of the most important churches of
his communion in New York — that of the Fifth Avenue.
He accepted the call, and the connection thus formed has
never been broken. In 1881 he became Chancellor of
the University of the City of New York. Among his
published Avorks are " Questions of the Day," " God's Woj-ds
Through Preaching," and " American Evangelists."

Photo: Abernethy, Belfast.

362

UNIVERSAL PORTRAIT GALLERY.

Chair of the Skiueant-at-Aems.

THE SERJEANT-AT-ARMS.

Mr. H. D. Erskine has held the office of Serjeant-at-Arms
since 1885, when he succeeded the late Sir Ralph Gosset,
under whom he had served as Deputy-Serjeant. One of
the most picturesque of his ceremonial duties is to bear
the Mace before the Spealier when " the First Commoner "
enters the House; the "bauble" is placed on the table
when the Speaker takes the Chair, and under the table
when the House goes into Committee. Another of his
ancient functions is to shut and lock the door of the
House of Commons when "Black Rod" appears in the Lobby
to desire the representatives of the people to give their
attendance in the House of Lords. The official of the Lords
having three times knocked upon the portal with his rod,
the Serjeant-at-Arms demands through a wicket to know
his business, and when this has been duly reported to the
Speaker, the Commons agree to admit him. While the House
is sitting, either the Serjeant-at-Arms or his deputy occupies
the chair shown in our head-piece, ready to execute any
directions , the Speaker may give for the maintenance of
order.

364

UNIVERSAL PORTRAIT GALLERY.

Chapel of the Merchant TAiLOKt>' ccuuul.

CANON CHEYNE, D.D.

The learned Oriel Professor of the Interpretation of Holy Scrip-
ture at Oxford has long been known as one of the foremost
representatives in England of the school of criticism founded
by Ewald. He has written extensively on the literature of
the Old Testament, and several of his Avorks, notably the
Bampton Lectures in 1889 on " The Historical Origin and
Religious Ideas of the Psalter," in Avhich he sought to show
that the later Psalms are of Post-Exilian origin, have ex-
cited a good deal of controversy, running counter as they
do to traditional Biblical views. He has not, however, been
led by adverse criticism to abandon his positions, as may
be seen from his later works, " Aids to the Devout Study
of Criticism," and " Founders of Old Testament Criticism."
The Professor, who was born in London on the 18th of
September, 1841, and educated at the Merchant Taylors'
School and at Worcester College, Oxford, was a member of
the Old Testament Revision Company, and is a Canon of
Rochester. Many of the articles on Biblical criticism in the
last edition of the "Encyclopaedia Britannica" are from his
pen.

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366

UNIVERSAL PORTRAIT GALLERY.

Gatkway of Lincoln's Inn, Chancekv Lank.

SIR RICHARD WEBSTER, Q.C.

The ex-Attorney-General distinguished himself hardly less
as an athlete in his Cambridge days than he has since
done as a profound lawyer. The second son of the late
Mr. Thomas Webster, Q.C, he was born on the 22nd of
December, 1842. He was educated at King's College School
and at the Charterhouse, of which he is now one of the
Governors, and thence proceeded to Trinity College, Cam-
bridge, where he gained a Foundation Scholarship. Called
to the Bar at Lincoln's Inn in 1868, he took sillc in
1878, at the unusually early age of thirty-five, having
already made a great reputation by his mastery of the law
relating to patents, engineering, shipping, and railways. It
was in 1885 that he first became Attorney-General, an
office to which he was reappointed Avhen the Conservatives
came back to power in the following year. Sir Richard,
from the beginning of his political career, has been one of
the most resolute opponents of Irish Nationalism, and he was
the leading counsel for the Times before the Parnell Com-
mission, conducting his case with the untiring pertinacity
always characteristic of him.

Photo : Kussell & Sons, Ba/ter Street, IK

368

UNIVERSAL PORTRAIT GALLERY.

MR JOHN ROBERTS, Jun.

Mr. Roberts's mastery of the cue is nothing less than por-
tentous. His primacy at the billiard-table is of a kind to
which no parallel can be found in any other form of sport.
He was born on the loth of August, 1847, his father being
the Mr. John Roberts who Avas for twenty years the billiard
champion, but has been completely outdistanced by his son.
Time was when the elder Roberts was always ready to give
any man in the world a start of 300 points in 1,000 : his
son, some years ago, was able to say, when interrogated as
to the difference in the form of professional billiard-players in
1865 and in 1890, "Well, Richards is better than my father
ever was, and I can give Richards half the game." His
supremacy has been recognised by no one more ungrudgingly
than by Mr. William Cook, himself an ex-champion. " His
height — 5 feet 11 inches — and exceptionally long reach," says
this authority, ui his Avork on the game, "are very much in
his favour, and probably no other man in the profession makes
so little use of the rest, for when occasion requires he can
play with his left hand in a style that would have delighted
the late Charles Reade. No man wastes so little time over
his strokes. There is no hesitation, no dubious gazing first
at one ball and then at the other. The entire break seems
mapped out in his head, and the ball is struck directly he
has taken his sight." His face, says Mr. Cook, habitually
wears such a stern and determined expression when he is
playing a break that more than one discomfited champion
has accused him of " frightening the balls in."

370

UNIVERSAL PORTRAIT GALLERY.

Mrs. Maey Davies's Dkawikg-Koom.

MRS. MARY DAVIES.

The most popular of our ballad-singers was born in London
on the 27tli of February, 1855, of Welsh parents, her father,
Mr. Wm. Davies, being a Bard, known among Welshmen
a? " Mynorydd." She studied first under Brinley Richards,
and then won a scholarship at the Royal Academy, where
she had a career of unusual distinction, winning the bronze
and silver medals, the Parepa-Rose medal, and the Christine
Nilsson prize, and at the end of her five years' course
being elected an Associate, and afterwards a member. Her
voice was at first marked by sweetness rather than by
power, but it gradually grew in volume until it became
equal to the demands of the largest concert-halls. The
singular charm of her rendering of the old melodies which
are ever new is not to be expressed in Avords, nor need
the attempt be made, for most of our readers must have
felt it for themselves. She has also sung extensively in
oratorio at the Festivals and elsewhere, and was selected by
Sir Charles Halle to create the part of Margaret in Berlioz's
Faust when that work was first performed in England.

372

UNIVERSAL PORTRAIT GALLERY.

Wells Catheleal.

DR. JEX-BLAKE.

It was as Head-master of Rugby that the present Dean of
Wells made name and fame. He succeeded to that im-
portant office in 1874, when the fortunes of the school had
suffered decline. Under his wise and vigorous direction it
quickly recovered from the check, and long before he re-
signed, in 1887, Rugby had risen again to the high level
to which it had attained in the days of Dr. Temple. He
was preferred to the Deanery of Wells in 1891, and in the
quiet little Somersetshire city his vigorous personality at
once made itself felt. Dr. Jex-Blake Avas born in London,
on the 26th of January, 1832, and passed from Rugby to
University College, Oxford, where he won a scholarship.
Having graduated with distinction, he, in 1855, was appointed
Composition Master to the sixth form at Marlborough, and
in the same year was elected to a Fellowship at Queen's
College, Oxford, which was vacated by his marriage in 1857.
From 1858 to 1868 he was Assistant-Master at Rugby; he
next became Principal of Cheltenham, and there he remained
until the time came for him to return to Rugby.

Photo: Da-wkts &■ rartrUge, Wells.

Co . A^2^ ^ \hCaJcA^

374

UNIVERSAL PORTRAIT GALLERY.

DUNFEEMLINK.

MR. ANDREW CARNEGIE.

Born at Dunfermline on the 25th of November, 1835, of
parents who ten years later emigrated to Pittsburgh, Penn-
sylvania, the " Iron King " at the age of twelve began
life on his own account by attending to a small station-
ary engine. Then he became successively a telegraph
messenger and operator; and having, as clerk of the
telegraph superintendent of the Pennsylvania Kailway, ren-
dered valuable service by promoting the adoption of the
Woodruff sleeping-car, he was made superintendent of the
Pittsburgh division of the line. A profitable speculation
in oil wells enabled him to join others in establishing
the iron and steel works which, under his vigorous hand,
have developed into one of the largest commercial concerns
in the world. Mr. Carnegie's vicAvs as to the disposition
of riches are not those generally held by millionaires, and
his benefactions to Dunfermline and other places in his
native land, as well as to American institutions, have been
on a princely scale. In the world of letters he is known
by his " Triumphant Democracy," among other works.

J,U^^u^<-^

376

UNIVERSAL PORTRAIT GALLERY.

MR. HALL CAINE.

Although the fame of the author of " The Manxman " is
so closely associated with the Isle of Man, he is only Manx

on his father's side. Nor was
he born on the island, but
at Runcorn, in Cheshire — in
1853. At first he practised
as an architect in Liverpool,
and his earliest literary
efforts consisted of contribu-
tions to architectural and
other papers. At this time
it was that he began to be
intimate with Dante Gabriel
Rossetti, who, while giving
little encouragement to his
poetical ambition, told him
in a letter, " I do think I
see your field to lie chiefly
in the achievements of fervid
and impassioned prose." The
phrase is a significant one,
and may be taken as an
index to ihe most salient
quality of all Mr. Hall
Caine's work in the realm of
fiction, from " The Shadow
of a Crime " onwards. If he
has gained less of the favour
ot the critics than some other
contemporary writers, it is to be remembered that he has chosen
to oppose himself with might and main to the realistic tend-
encies of modern fiction ; and his success with readers who care
nothing for critical theories is not to be denied.

As Isle of Mak Scene (Glen Helen)

Fholo: H. S. Menaelssohn, rembricige Crescent, ly.

378 UNIVERSAL PORTRAIT GALLERY.

^^^<-c^@

j^^yOQC

*ts>t^

S^^

3^g^^

^^^^

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^^^

T^^^

^^^^^^^

'^^^

DR. GEFFCKEN.

This able publicist was born at Hamburg on the 0th of
December, 1830, and entered the diplomatic service, becoming
Secretary of Legation at Paris in 1854. From 1856 to 1866
he represented his native State at Berlin, first as charge
d'affaires, then as Hanseatic Minister. In 1866 he was
transferred to London ; then, in 1869, he was appointed
Syndic of Hamburg. In 1872 he became Professor of
Political Economy and International Law in the University
of Strasburg, resigning in 1882 on grounds of health and
returning to Hamburg. In 1888, by communicating to the
Deutsche Rundschau, some extracts from the " Journal " of
the lately-deceased Emperor Frederick, he incurred the dis-
pleasure of Prince Bismarck, who treated him with character-
istic severity. He was arrested, the application of his friends
for his release on bail was refused, notwithstanding the state
of his health, and he was held in durance for three
months, when the Court, after au investijjation conducted in
secrecy, discharged him, on the curious and significant
ground that while he had divulged facts which ought in
the national interests to have been kept secret, it was not
satisfied that he had full knowledge of the character of
the incriminated articles. Dr. Geffcken, who has long taken
special interest in English subjects, is a master of the
English language, has written a book on the Alabama
question, and has occasionally contributed articles to the
Speaker. An English edition of his Avork, " The State and
the Church in their Historical Relations," was published in
1877.

380

UNIVERSAL PORTRAIT GALLERY.

The King's Libeaby, Beitish Musexbi.

MR. EDMUND GOSSE.

Mr. Gosse, the son of the late Philip Henry Gosse,
the naturalist, was born in London on the 21st of
September, 1849, and educated privately. In 1867 he was
appointed Assistant-Librarian at the British Museum, a post
which he vacated in 1875 in order to become Translator
to the Board of Trade. In 1884 he succeeded Mr. Leslie
Stephen as Clark Lecturer on English Literature in Trinity
College, Cambridge, and in the following year received an
honorary M.A. from the University to which he had thus
become attached. He was re-elected to the Lectureship in
1886, and retired in 1889. In 1872 and 1874 he travelled
in Norway, Denmark, and Sweden, to study Scandinavian
literature, afterwards visiting Holland with a similar object.
The fruits of his researches have since been given to the
world in his " Northern Studies," as well as in his intro-
ductions to and translations of works of Ibsen, Bjornson,
and other Norse writers. Mr. Gosse has also written exten-
sively on the literature of his own land, and has published
several volumes of poems, as well as a " Life of Grey,"
whose works he has edited.

Phota ! FradtlU 6r Young, Regent Street, IK j

C^(ryi'<yt^-t^ y^SS-C.

382 UNIVERSAL PORTRAIT GALLERY.

ROCHESTEB, FROM THE MeDWAT.

DEAN HOLE.

The Dean of Rochester is famous on both sides of the
Atlantic as an amateur of the flower-garden and as one of
the best raconteurs of the day. Son of the late Samuel
Hole, of Caunton Manor, Nottinghamshire, he was born on
the 5th of December, 1819, and educated at the Grammar
School, Newark-on-Trent, and at Brasenose College, Oxford.
In 1875 he became Prebendary of Lincoln, was Select
Preacher to his University in 1885-86, and was preferred
to the Deanery of Rochester in 1887. His " Book about
Roses," published in 1869, has gone through many editions.
The first of his works, " A Little Tour in Ireland," was
issued so long ago as 1858. Among his more recent literarj'-
productions are two volumes of "Memories," abounding with
the good stories of which he has always been a diligent
gleaner. Nor has the Dean, in the pursuit of lighter
interests, been unmindful of his ecclesiastical obligations.
Though well on in his eighth decade, he recently undertook
a successful lecturing tour in America to raise funds for
the restoration of Rochester Cathedral

P/utii : Hamuei A. IValker, 330, Regent Street, IK

384

UNIVERSAL PORTRAIT GALLERY.

The Nicolai Beidge, St. Peteesbueg

THE EMPRESS MARIE OF RUSSIA.

In the bereavement which she suffered in 1894 Her
Imperial Majesty the Empress Marie of Russia was re-
garded with peculiar sympathy by the English people,
who were not uninfluenced by the knowledge that she is a
sister of Her Royal Highness the Princess of Wales. The
second of the three daughters of the King and Queen of
Denmark, she was born on the 26th of November, 1847, so
that she is three years the junior of the Princess of Wales.
Her Majesty was married to the late Czar at St. Peters-
burg on the 9th of November, 1866, and has had five
children, of whom the eldest now sits upon his father's
throne. Of the other children of the marriage, the Grand
Duke George was born on the 9th of May, 1871, the Grand
Duchess Zenia on the 6th of April, 1875, the Grand Duke
Michael on the 4th of December, 1878, and the Grand
Duchess Olga on the 13th of June, 1882. The Empress,
it will be remembered, was with the late Czar in the
mysterious accident on the Transcaspian Railway in October,
1888, when the royal party so narrowly escaped destruction.

386

UNIVERSAL PORTRAIT GALLERY.

LORD RAYLEIGH.

The discoverer, with Professor Ramsay, of argon, as announced
at the Oxford meeting of the British Association in 1894,

followed the late Dr.
Tyndall as Professor of
Natural Philosophy in the
Royal Institution in 1887.
From 1879 to 1884 he was
Professor of Experimental
Physics at Cambridge,
where he had been Senior
Wrangler and First Smith's
Prizeman in 1865, and Fel-
low of his college (Trinity)
in 1866. He is also a
D.C.L. of Oxford, a D.Sc. of
Cambridge and of Dublin,
and an LL.D. of the
McGill University, Mont-
real, and has for some
years been one of the
Secretaries of the" Royal
Society, as well as a Cor-
responding Member of the
French Institute. He is
the author of an important
work on '• The Theory of
Sound," and has contributed
many papers to scientific
periodicals. His lordship
was bom on the 12th of November, 1842, and succeeded to
the title on the death of his father, the second Baron Ray-
leigh, in 1873. By his marriage with Miss Evelyn Balfour, a
sister of Mr. Arthur Balfour, he has had four sons, of whom
three survive.

EXTUANCE TO BDRLINOTOX HoUSK

riiolo : MituU &• Fox. Piccadilly, W.

388

UNIVERSAL PORTRAIT GALLERY.

<"#^

mm^mM''- {iMi

New Palace Yaed, Westjonsteii.

THE DEAN OF WESTMINSTER.

Dr. Bradley, who was born in 1821, the son of a clergy-
man, was educated at Rugby and at University College,
Oxford, where he was a favourite pupil of Arthur Penrhyn
Stanley, whom he was to succeed as Dean of Westminster.
For some years he was an assistant master at Rugby, until
in 1858 he was elected Head Master of Marlborough. In
1870 he succeeded the late Dean Plumptre as Master of
University College, Oxford, and in 1881 was appointed to
a canonry in Worcester Cathedral, whence a few months
later he was preferred to the Deanery of Westminster. In
the interval he had held the office of Examining Chaplain
to the Archbishop of Canterbury, and been Select Preacher
to his University. He received an LL.D. from St. Andrews
in 1873, and a D.D. from Oxford in 1881. His " Recollections
of Arthur Penrhyn Stanley" were published in 1883, his West-
minster Abbey lectures on the Book of Ecclesiastes appeared
in 1885, and a similar series on the Book of Job in 1887.
He has also made an important contribution to Mr. Prothero's
Life of Stanley.

J'holo : liUioU &■ try. litker Utreel, /K

"hA/fir^Mi^

390

UNIVERSAL PORTRAIT GALLERY.

EOYAL MllITAEY ACADKMT, WOOLWICH

MR JAMES PAYN.

This prolific and entertaining author, from whose sick cham-
ber has come the pathetic paper on " The Backwater of
Life," was bom at Cheltenham in 1830, and educated at
Eton and at Woolwich Academy, and then — having de-
cided upon a civil instead of a military career — at Trinity
College, Cambridge. In the year that he took his degree
(1854) he published a volume of verse under the title
" Stories from Boccaccio." It was succeeded by another book
of poems in 1885. Mr. Payn then turned his attention to
fiction, became a regular contributor to Household Words,
was appointed editor of Chambers's Journal in 1858, and in
1882 succeeded Mr. Leslie Stephen as editor of The Cornhill
Magazine. Endless as is the list of Mr. Payn's works, they
have never fallen below a high hterary standard : in all of
them there is the attraction of rapid narrative, lively dialogue,
and pleasant humour, with bold and sometimes daring in-
vention. His " Literary Recollections," published in 1886,
was followed in 1894 by " Gleams of Memory," a work of
singular geniality and charm.

I'hoto : n'aUry, I-im., Regeitt iitr.eC, IK

J/^U^'Tn.C^ (J^^^^T-

UNIVERSAL POUTRAIT GALLERY.

SiE Geoeoe Beid's Studio.

SIR GEORGE REID.

The work of the President of the Royal Scottish Academy
has many "notes" of the traditional Scottish style, pleasantly
qualified, however, by traces of the influences which affected
him when, as a young man, he was studying on the Con-
tinent under such masters as Mollinger, Yvon, and Israels.
To the general public he is known chiefly as a portraitist;
but those who have made a careful study of his pieces
see at least as much, if not more, to admire in his land-
scapes and in his rich and satisfying studies of colou^/
in flowers. Among his best landscapes may be named " The
Peat - Gatherers " (1869), " Jedburgh " (1876), " Wh>is in
Bloom," which adorned the walls of Burlington House
in 1877, "Dornoch," his diploma work, ji6w in the
National Gallery, Edinburgh, and " Montro^." His portraits
of eminent Scotsmen are so numerous^hat it is not easy
to make a selection; but not the le^t notable of them are
his Dr. John Brown, the author' of " Rab and his Friends,"
Dr. George Macdonald, the novelist, Dr. Bonar, of Greenock,
Sir Daniel Wilson, and Sir John Millais.

394

UNIVERSAL PORTRAIT GALLERY.

BOCJRNEMOUTH, FROM THE PlEB.

DR. C. HUBERT H. PARRY.

The Director of the Royal College of Music, the foremost
of living English composers, is also the author of erudite
and luminous works on musical subjects; among them,
" Studies of Great Composers " (1886) and " The Art of
Music " (1893) ; and the same qualities mark his con-
tributions to Sir George Grove's great " Dictionary of
Music." Born at Bournemouth on the 27th of February, ,
1848, he was educated first at Eton and afterwards at
Christ Church, Oxford, where he took a Second-class in
Law and in History. At Eton he had the advantage of
studying music under Sir George Elvey, then organist at
St. George's Chapel; later his studies were directed by Sir
William Stemdale Bennett and Sir George Macfarren. His
compositions, which range over a wide field, include an
opera, Lancelot and Guinevere; but his greatest triumphs
have been in the domains of cantata and oratorio. If the
first of his oratorios, Judith, is a scholarly and powerful
work, in Job, and in the more recent King Said, the com-
poser has reached a yet higher level of achievement.

tholo: II. S. ilendtlssoHn, PembriJge Crescent, W.

A^k^

396 UNIVERSAL PORTRAIT GALLERY.

Peessbubg.

MAURUS JOKAL

The Hungarian novelist and patriot is a writer of singular
fertility, having produced some five- and- twenty full-length
romances and upwards of three hundred shorter works of
fiction, besides several dramas. Yet his work as an author
has hardly been the most serious business of his life. From
his youth upwards he has been an ardent politician. He
became editor of a paper in the Hungarian capital at the
age of twenty-one, and proclaimed " The Twelve Points of
Pesth" in the stirring days of 1848; and it is said that
after the. surrender of Villagos in 1849 he was only saved
from suicide, as an alternative to capture by the Russians,
by the opportune arrival of his wife with mone}'^ which
facilitated his escape. He was born on the 19th of February,
1825, at Koborn, the son of an advocate, was educated at
Pressburg and elsewhere, and at Pesth qualified himself for
his father's profession ; but, becoming immersed in politics
and journalism, never practised. It was in 1848 that he
married the famous tragedian Rosa Laborfalvi, who in the
hour of his extremity disposed of her jewels in order to
equip him with funds.

fhoto: Ellinger Edt, Budapat.

398

UNIVERSAL PORTRAIT GALLERY.

Photo: Arthur H' inter, Preston.

View of Peeston.

VISCOUNT CROSS.

Born at Red Scar, near Preston, on the 30th of May, 1823,
the third son of the late Mr. William Cross, Lord Cross was
educated at Rugby under Dr. Arnold, and at Trinity College,
Cambridge. In 1849 he was called to the Bar, and went
the Northern Circuit. He entered the House of Commons
as member for Preston in 1857, but lost his seat in 1862,
and was not again seen in Parliament until 1868, when he
was elected for South-West Lancashire. In 1874, although
he had held no office before, he was appointed Home
Secretary by Mr. Disraeli, whose choice he amply justified
by the skill with which he piloted a number of important
measures through the House, as well as by the ability with
which he defended the foreign policy of the Government
In 1885 he was reappointed to the Home Office, and after
the Unionist victory of 1886 was made a Viscount, and
became Secretary of State for India, an office which he
held until Mr. Gladstone's return to power in 1892. His
lordship has received honorary degrees from the Universities
of Cambridge, Oxford, and St. Andrews.

I'liotn: London Stereoscopic Comfnny.

[jJCr^

400

UNIVERSAL PORTRAIT GALLERY.

KUINS AT COEINTH.

DR. MAHAFFY.

The Professor of Ancient History in Trinity College, Dublin,
was born on the 26tli of February, 1839, at Chapponnaire,
near Vevay, on the Lake of Geneva. His education was
begun in Germany, and continued at Trinity College, where
he ran a distinguished course, obtaining in succession a
scholarship, two Senior Moderatorships, and a Fellowship.
He was appointed to his present Professorship in 1869, be-
came Donnellan Lecturer in 1873, and received the degree of
D.D. in 1886, and that of Mus.D. in 1891, Avhile in 1882
he was elected an Honorary Fellow of Queen's College, Ox-
ford. Author of many works on Greek life and literature, he
has been invested by the King of Greece with the Gold Cross
of the Order of the Saviour in recognition of his labours in
this kind. But the Professor seems to have taken all know-
ledge for his province, and has written extensively and
luminously on modern philosophy, as well as on lighter
subjects, such as " The Art of Conversation " and " The
Decay of Modern Preaching."

Photo: Fraietle i'-r i'l/iiiij,'-, Regent S.reet, ly.

J ^-u^ /(TMa^

402 UNIVERSAL PORTRAIT GALLERY.

MR. SOLOMON J. SOLOMON.

Mr. Solomon, who was born at SouthAvark on the 16th of
September, 1860, began to draw almost as soon as he could
grasp the pencil. From Heatherley's School of Art he
passed, in his sixteenth year, into the schools of the Royal
Academy, where he remained for some eighteen months.
Then he went to Paris, and became a pupil of Cabanel.
Next he worked under Wagner at Munich, whence he quickly
departed for Italy, with no very high opinion of his German
master's training. Returning to England, he made his first
contribution — the " Portrait of a Gentleman " — to the show at
Burlington House, and then started off' on a trip through
Spain. The winter was passed in Morocco, and in the spring
Mr. Solomon again placed himself under the direction of
Cabanel, and for nearly ten months laboured strenuously
at life-size studies. The Salon now accepted his vigorous
portrait of Dr. Stephens, and the Royal Academy a highly-
finished little picture, " Waiting." His next Academy piece,
"Ruth and Naomi," was painted at Tangiers during a second
visit to Morocco ; but it was not till 1886, when the daring
and powerful "Cassandra" appeared, that Mr. Solomon was
accepted as a man with a future. To "Cassandra" succeeded
the yet more forcible " Samson ; " afterwards came " Niobe,"
a picture of absolute repose, which received a third-class
medal at the Salon. It has beeii followed by "The Judg-
ment of Paris," by " Orpheus and Eurydice," and by several
other notable works, as weU as by some striking portraits.

Phito : yau der lyryde, Reeent Strttt, IV.

.^cy/>h^ y S^^y^

i/>H^^t^

404

UNIVERSAL POJITBAIT GALLERY.

The Amalienboeg (Royal) Palace, Copenhagen.

THE QUEEN OF DENMARK.

Her Majesty Queen Louise of Denmark was born so
long ago as the 7th of September, 1817, daughter of Land-
grave .Wilhelm of Hesse-Cassel, and was married to King
Christian IX. on the 26th of May, 1842, some twenty-
one years before his assumption of the Crown. All her
children were born before her consort's accession — Prince
Frederick in 1843, the Princess Alexandra in 1844, Prince
Wilhelm in 1845, Princess Marie Dagmar in 1847, the
Princess Thyra in 1853, and Prince Walderaar in 1858.
The eldest daughter is, of course, our Princess of Wales ;
the second is the widowed Empress Marie of Russia ; the
third married Prince Ernest August, Duke of Cumber-
land. The sons also are all married — the Crown Prince to
the Princess Louisa, daughter of the late King Charles XV.
of Sweden and Norway; Prince Wilhelm, now King of the
Hellenes, to Olga Constantinovna, Grand Duchess of Russia;
and Prince Waldemar to Princess Marie of Orleans, eldest
daughter of the Due de Chartres. The King and Queen of
Denmark celebrated their golden wedding in 1892, and visited
England to "assist" at the Duke of York's marriage in 1893.

406

UNIVERSAL PORTRAIT GALLERY.

Beoaijway, New York.

THE REV. DR. PARKHURST.

The hero of the last great crusade against Tammany is a
divine of the Presbyterian communion. When the Society
for the Prevention of Crime was started in New York some
years ago, with the object of purifying the administration
of the city, he was sohcited to become its President. He
accepted the office on the condition that the Society should
attack what appeared to him to be the root of the evil —
the alliance of the police with evil-doers ; and he has him-
self told the story of the struggle in the work recently
pubHshed under the title of " Our Fight with Tammany."
The narrative is by no means wanting in colour and vigour;
but indulgence in striking chapter-titles and stinging epithets
may very well be excused when it is remembered that the
book Avas written in the flush of a victory which followed all
the omens of crushing defeat. After such shocking revela-
tions of corruption as were made by the Lexow Committee,
the people of New York might well have despaired for the
future of their city had not the exertions of Dr. Parkhurst
and his colleagues effected the signal overthrow of Tammany
at the last elections.

Photo: Sarony, Netu York.

C.fV.

408

UNIVERSAL PORTRAIT GALLERY.

RIGHT HON. A. H. D. ACLAND.

The Vice-President of the Council of Education, whose zeal
in the cause of education is not disputed even by those

who have had fault to find
with his policy, is the third
son of Sir Thomas Acland,
the Devonshire baronet who
was born in the same year
as his leader and friend, Mr.
Gladstone. Born in 1847,
Mr. Arthur Acland was edu-
cated at Rugby and at Christ
Church, Oxford. He became
Senior Bursar of Balliol — of
which he is still an Honor-
ary Fellow — was also ap-
pointed Steward of Christ
Church, and from 1875 to
1877 was Principal of the
Oxford Military School at
Cowley. In 1879 he re-
nounced holy orders, and in
1885 was elected M.P. for
the Rotherham Division of
Yorkshire, a constituency
which he still represents. Of
a retiring disposition, he has
never indulged in over-much
speaking, but his mastery of
educational questions, as well as of some branches of economics,
gradually made itself felt, and his appointment to the post,
in which he has shown himself to be so vigorous an ad-
ministrator, was all but a foregone conclusion.

Gaieway of JRugbv Scuool.

410

UNIVERSAL PORTRAIT GALLERY.

Pnoto : F. G. O. Stuart, SoiUhami)COii.

The (Jrystal Palace, from the South.

MR. AUGUST MANNS.

The conductor of the Crystal Palace Concerts has probably
done more than anyone else to familiarise English audiences
with the best Continental music, at the same time that he
has been consistently mindful of the claims of English iimsic
and English musicians. For many years past the Sydenham
orchestra has had a European reputation, and much as the
musical art lends itself to difference of opinion, there is none
to dispute his right to be classed among the greatest con-
ductors of the age. He was bom at Stolzenburg, in Prussia,
in 1825, and was appointed Musical Director of the Crystal
Palace so long ago as 1855, succeeding Sir Michael Costa as
conductor of the Handel Festival in 1883. At the end of
April, 1895, a reception, organised by the leading musicians
of London, was held at the Grafton Galleries in celebration of
his seventieth birthday, when he was presented with a highly
complimentary address by Sir George Grove, and decorated
by the Duke of Coburg — himself a musician — with the "Art
and Science" Order of the Duchy.

412

UNIVERSAL FOBTBAIT GALLERY.

Lliii. tiii.i:.!.!, L...^£.uj.uOL.

MR. RICHARD LE GALLIENNE.

Mr. Le Gallienne belongs to a Guernsey family, but was
born at Liverpool, on the 20tli of January, 1866. At the age
of sixteen he entered the office ot a chartered accountant. But
his literary gift was not to be denied; and he found relief
from the ledger in writing sonnets, which were privately printed
in 1887. For some months in 1889 he was literary secretary
to Mr. Wilson Barrett. But his work on George Meredith,
his " Volumes in Folio," and his " Book-bills of Narcissus "
had by this time made him known in literary circles in
London, and early in 1891 he was invited to join the staff of
an evening paper as literary critic. His "English Poems,"
containing not a few pieces of much promise, appeared in
1892 ; his suggestive, if not very profound, " Religion of a
Literary Man " in 1893 ; his graceful " Prose Fancies " in
1894; his "Robert Louis Stevenson and other Poems" in
1895, Mr. Le Gallienne's lectures on such subjects as the
"Nonconformist Conscience" came as a surprise to many of
his admirers, who perhaps fail to realise that one who has
produced so much literary work has not yet turned thirty.

Photo: /A. &■ D. Do7vney, libnry Street. S.lf

414 UNIVERSAL PORTRAIT GALLERY.

THE REV. PROFESSOR SANDAY.

By virtue of his candour and amenity, Dr. Sanday is one of
the most effective of contemporary apologists. His book on
" The Authorship ahd Historical Character of the Fourth
Gospel," in which, while maintaining the Johannine origin
and substantial authenticity of the work which bears St.
John's name, he frankly admits the subjectivity charged
against it by more advanced critics, is a model of judicious
advocacy. Nor need less be said of his other works — his
" Gospels in the Second Century," his " Oracles of God," his
" Two Present Day Questions," and his more recent Bampton
Lectures on Inspiration — a subject with which his insight,
even more than his chaste and graceful style, peculiarly
qualified him to deal. He was born at Holme Pierrepoint
on the 1st of August, 1843, and was educated at Repton
School, and at Balliol and Corpus Christi, Oxford, became
Scholar of the latter college in 1863, obtained a first-class in
1865, and was Fellow of Trinity from 1866 to 1873. From
1876 to 1883 he was Principal of Hatfield Hall, Durham, and
during a part of the time Examining Chaplain to the Bishop
of Durham. His appointment to the Ireland Professorship
of Exegesis at Oxford, as successor to the late Canon Liddon,
dates from 1882, and since 1883 he has also been Tutorial
Fellow of Exeter College in the same University. He has
twice been appointed Select Preacher at Cambridge, was
Whitehall Preacher in 1889-90, and delivered the Bampton
Lectures on Inspiration, of which we have already spoken,
in 1892.

Photo : Russeii ii- Sons, Baltfr :>ireei, IK

416

UN.IVEBSAL PORTRAIT GALLERY.

The Nobth London Collegiate School for Giels.

MRS. BRYANT, D.Sc.

The Mathematical Mistress at the North London Collegiate
School is a graduate of the London University, whose degree
of Doctor of Science she took in 1884, and is also a member
of the College of Preceptors. The opportunities she has
enjoyed of studying the science of education have been turned
to good account, and the result is seen in her essay on
" Educational Ends, or the Ideal of Personal Development."
In this luminous work, which has for its motto : " Ye shall
know the Truth. And the Truth shall make you free," she
impresses upon the teacher the necessity of aiming at the
improvement of his pupils in conduct as well as in knowledge
— of setting before them the questions, " How should I do
what there is for me to do ? " and " How should I know
what there is for me to know ? " — questions which are
seen at unity at last in the final end of education, love of
the highest attainable truth. Mrs. Bryant is also the author
of a learned and at the same time entertaining historical
inquiry into the antiquities of Ireland, her native country.

418

UNIVERSAL FORTH AIT GALLERY.

OxK OF Mk. Waltee Crane's Designs.

MR WALTER CRANE.

To this gifted artist the labour movement owes hardly less
than to Mr. William Morris, its poet. Founder and one of
the presidents of the Arts and Crafts Exhibition Society, he
designed the seal of the London County Council, and his
facile pencil is ever ready to serve the cause he has so much
at heart. He has also associated himself with " advanced "
ideas in art, as well as in politics. As soon as the Grosvenor
Gallery was opened, he ceased to exhibit at the Academy,
and has since taken a prominent part in the movement for
estabhshing a National Exhibition of all the Arts. Bom at
Liverpool on the 15th of August, 1845, son of Thomas Crane,
of Chester, miniature and portrait painter, he was apprenticed
to Mr. W. J. Linton, the engi'aver, and has always given much
of his time to the illustration of books. Since 1879 he has
been Examiner in the National Competition of Drawings at
South Kensington ; in 1892 he became Director of Designs
at the Manchester Municipal School of Art. In 1886 he
resigned his membership of the Institutes of Painters in
Water Colours and in Oil, and two years afterwards was
elected an Associate of the Royal Society of Painters in Water
Colours.

420

UNIVERSAL PORTRAIT GALLERY.

Knellee Hall, Twicbenham.

PROFESSOR FRANCIS TURNER
PALGRAVE.

The Professor of Poetry at Oxford belongs to a family which
has greatly distinguished itself He is the eldest son of Sir
Francis Palgrave, who was knighted for his important con-
tributions to historical and antiquarian literature; one of his
brothers, Sir Reginald, is the Clerk to the House of Com-
mons; another, William GifFord, who died in 1888, was
eminent as traveller, Arabic scholar, and author ; yet another,
Robert Harry Inglis, is one of our leading statisticians. He
was bom on the 28th of September, 1824, and was educated
at the Charterhouse and at Balliol College, Oxford. From
1850 to 1855 he was Vice-Principal of the Kneller Hall
Training College, and after being private secretary to the late
Earl Granville, became Assistant-Secretary to the Privy
Council Committee on Education. The author of several
volumes of refined and melodious verse, he has also written
much on art and literature, and is the editor of some of " The
Golden Treasury" volumes, &c.

Photo : Elliott &■ Fry, Baker Street, t'A

422

UNIVERSAL PORTRAIT GALLERY,

HrIBIUIIIIiIMiB

Univebsity Colleok, London.

LORD PLAYFAIR.

One of the most versatile of our public men, Lord Playfair
liad risen to distinction as a man of science before he entered
upon his political career. He was born at Meerut, Bengal, on
the 21st of May, 1819, son of the Chief Inspector-General of
Hospitals, was educated at St. Andrews and at University
College, London, studied chemistry at Glasgow, and afterwards
at Giessen under Liebig, and in 1843 was appointed Professor
of Chemistry in the Royal Institution, Manchester. Then he
became Chemist to the Museum of Practical Geology, and
from 1856 to 1869 was Professor of Chemistry in Edinburgh
University. He entered the House of Commons in 1868, was
appointed Postmaster-General in 1873, and became Chairman
of Ways and Means and Deputy-Speaker in 1880, being
knighted on resigning his post in 1883. In 1886 he was
Vice-President of the Committee of Council on Education;
in 1892 he was elevated to the Peerage. Lord Playfair is
a member of many scientific societies, has been President
of the British Association, has served on several Royal Com-
missions, and, especially of late years, has given much atten-
tion to social science.

rhoto: It'. &• n Dnoney, Ebtiry Street, S.IK

J/l/^-n %yt-7^ec^u.£c^

424

UNIVERSAL PORTRAIT GALLERY.

Bit of "The World's Faie " at Chicago.

MR. W. T. STEAD.

The earliest and most brilliant of the "New Journalists" is
a native of Northumberland, having been born at Embleton
on the 5th of July, 1849, the son of a Congregational
minister. Appointed editor of a daily paper at Darlington at
the age of twenty-two, his powerful " leaders " on the Eastern
Question attracted widespread attention, and in 1880 he was
invited by Mr. John Morley to the assistant-editorship of the
Pall Mall Gazette. He succeeded to the editorial chair in
1883, and occupied it until at the end of 1889 he retired in
order to found the Review of Reviews. Since then he has
started Borderland. A man of many enthusiasms, Mr. Stead
generally has a crusade on hand, and although he has had
to endure criticism and ridicule, and even bonds, he has a
knack of so contriving things as to have the last laugh.
He has been to Russia to tell us the truth about Muscovite
policy, and to Rome to teach the Vatican the true social
doctrine ; and more recently he made his way to the World's
Fair to tell the people of Chicago some plain truths about
themselves.

Pho'.o : A. D. Lruiis, Nrjvc3st/e-oii-Tyiif.

-ina.^y^^^^^

426

UNIVERSAL PORTRAIT GALLERY.

Miss Cobbb's Bibthpjjlcb, Nbwbeidqb, Go. Dublin.

MISS FRANCES POWER COBBE.

Among the host of ladies who have achieved more or less of
literary eminence during the last decade, there is none to
dispute Miss Cobbe's primacy as a thinker. Her " Essay on
Intuitive Morals," published so long ago as 1855, has been
followed up by a long list of other works on religious, ethical,
and social subjects, all of them marked by vigorous thought
and lofty sentiment, as well as by charm and distinction of
style. Notable among them is her " Broken Lights," a search-
ing criticism of the orthodox creeds, supplemented by " Dawn-
ing Lights," a contribution to the reconstruction of theolog}'^ on
Theistic lines. Miss Cobbe was born on the 4th of December,
1822, her father being the late Mr. Charles Cobbe, D.L., J.P.
For a while she engaged in philanthropic work at Bristol
with Mary Carpenter; afterwards she became a leader writer
for the Echo, and then for the Standard, and a contributor
to the Quarterly and other reviews; of late years she has
occupied herself largely with the crusade against vivisection.
Her autobiography forms a delightful record of a life of
beneficent activity, culminating in a serene old age.

Photo: Mr. young; Dolgellj.

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2>-'^-^— d__::>

428

UNIVERSAL PORTRAIT GALLERY.

CovENT Gaeden Theatee.

SIGNOR LUIGI MANCINELLI.

SiGXOR Mancinelli's earliest visit to London was in 1886,
when the success of a concert at which he produced several
of his own compositions led to his engagement as conductor
of Italian opera in the Jubilee season, an engagement which
has been several times renewed. It also brought him an in-
vitation to compose an oratorio for the next Norwich Festival,
to which he responded with Isaias. His career as a conductor
began at Rome, and was continued at Bologna, as well as in
London ; and more recently he has held a similar appointment
at the Theatre Royal, Madrid. He began to study the piano
at the age of six — he was born at Orvieto in 1848 — and at
twelve went to Florence to take lessons of Professor Sbolci,
the 'cellist, afterwards joining the orchestra of La Pergola, and
remaining in it until in 1874 he went to Rome.

I'holo : AJortno, J\ew Yori

^^^e>rl^L^

430 UNIVERSAL PORTRAIT GALLERY.

WOECESTEB CaTHEDEAL.

CANON KNOX-LITTLE.

This eloquent preacher, if never intellectually masterful, has
striking oratorical qualities. His voice, musical and flexible,
is unusually effective for passages of tender pathos. The
" note " of his pulpit work, indeed, is emotionalism, of a much
warmer kind than is usually met with among Anglican
preachers. He appeals to the individual soul as directly and
forcibly as the most earnest Evangelical could desire ; and not
infrequently his periods have something of the music and
colour of poetry, as in the following passage : — " Eternal
things ! Eternal things ! It comes — the very phrase — like the
swing and swell of solemn church bells across the hills on an
English Sunday ; it floats like the rhythmic swell of stately
music across the sleeping sea." The CanoU; who was born at
Stewartston, co. Tyrone, about the year 1839, was educated
at Trinity College, Cambridge. It was in 1881 that he was
nominated by Mr. Gladstone to a stall in Worcester Cathe-
dral, in succession to the present Dean of Westminster. His
published works comprise several volumes of sermons and
some novels.

432

UNIVERSAL POBTIiAIT GALLERY.

Athens.

THE KING OF GREECE.

His Majesty the King of the Hellenes is the second son
of the Kmg of Denmark, and was born on the 24th of
December, 1845. He assumed the croAvn, under the name
of George I., on the 6th of June, 1863, after it had been
offered by popular vote successively to the present and to the
late Duke of Coburg. Notwithstanding the popularity gained
at the outset of his career by the acquisition of the Ionian
Islands, the king has not found his position an easy one, and
when in 1880, accompanied by Queen Olga, whose portrait
appears elsewhere in these pages, he started on a long tour
through Europe, it was rumoured that he intended never to
return. His difficulties have arisen mostly in connection with
the Eastern Question ; and more than once the Great Powers
have had to exert considerable pressure in order to restrain
his subjects from attempting to wrest from Turkey territor}"
which they regard as rightfully theirs. Of later years, however,
they have shown themselves less restive, and the twenty-fifth
anniversary of his Majesty's accession was celebrated in 1888
with much popular rejoicing.

/ holo : Londjn Stereoscopic Company.

434

UNIVERSAL PORTRAIT GALLERY.

UOVKRNMENT HoUdE, MeLBOUENK.

LORD BRASSEY.

A SON of the great public works contractor, the Governor of
Victoria has always shown an intelligent and sympathetic
interest in all labour questions. He began his Parliamentary
career by seconding a motion brought forward by Mr. Thomas
Hughes, Q.C., calling for an inquiry into the Labour Laws ;
and he has published, among other books, volumes on " Work
and Wages," " Lectures on the Labour Question," and " Eng-
lish Work and Foreign Wages." He is also, as all the world
knows, an enthusiastic 3^achtsman, and an authority on matters
relating to the Navy. Born at Stafford in 1836, he was
educated at Rugby and at University College, Oxford, where
he graduated in honours in the Modern Law and History
School. In 1865 he entered Parliament as member for
Uevonport; from 1868 to 1886, when he Avas raised to the
peerage, he sat for Hastings. He was appointed a Civil Lord
of the Admiralty in 1880, Secretary to the Admiralty in 1884,
and a Lord-in-Waiting in 1893, and became Governor of Vic-
toria in 1895. Lord Brassey has served on several Royal Com-
missions, and was President of the Opium Commission, which
has reported against interference with the trade in the drug.

Photo: Russell &■ Sons. Baifr Sliret, If.

"^^K^ ^l:^/c--<^

436 UNIVERSAL PORTRAIT GALLERY

A Licensing Meeting of tIie London Count? Council.

SIR ARTHUR ARNOLD.

The successor of Sir John Hutton in the chair of the London
County Council has had a varied career. The first-hand
knowledge to be seen on every page of his " History of the
Cotton Famine " is explained by the circumstance of his
having been an Assistant-Commissioner under the Public
Works Act (1863), passed to meet the necessities of the Lan-
cashire operatives. He then travelled for two years in the
East of Europe and Africa, and recounted his experiences in
the work entitled "From the Levant," which brought him
the Golden Cross of the Order of the Redeemer from the
King of Greece. When the Echo was started, he became its
editor, and to his skilful direction its rapid success was largely
due. His travels in Russia and Persia in 1875 are related
in "Through Persia by Caravan;" and among his other works
are " Social Politics " and " Free Land." In the Land question
he has always been actively interested, and for several years
he was President of the Free Land League. From 1880 to
1885 he was M.P. for Salford. He has been an Alderman
of the London County Council since its formation, became
its Chairman in 1895, and was soon afterwards knighted.

rhot^j: London Stereoscopic Company.

^^(A<./C/cuCCy

438

UNIVERSAL PORTRAIT GALLERY.

Penzanck.

MR. LEONARD COURTNEY.

The somewhat rugged independence of the member for the
Bodmin Division of Cornwall may be little appreciated by
party managers, and has undoubtedly been an obstacle to his
personal advancement ; but it was one of the qualities which
made him an ideal Chairman of Committees. To his inde-
pendence he adds surprising quickness and vigorous grasp,
prompt and unhesitating decision, and a magisterial voice,
eminently calculated to disconcert obstructives and bores.
How, with all his qualifications for the Speakership, Mr.
Courtney missed the prize, he has himself told us with be-
guiling humour, and the curious story need not be repeated
here. He was born at Penzance on the Gth of July, 1832,
was entered at St. John's College, Cambridge, in 1851, and
graduated as Second Wrangler and Smith's Prizeman in 1855,
becoming a Fellow in 1856. In 1858 he Avas called to the
Bar, began soon afterwards to write for the Times, was Pro-
fessor of Political Economy at University College, London,
from 1872 to 1876, and entered Parliament in the latter year.
He has held the Home and Colonial Under-Secretaryships,
and resigned the Financial Secretaryship to the Treasury out
of loyalty to the principle of proportional representation.

Iholo: ly. &■ D. Dcm'tify, Ebury Street, S.IK

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440

UNIVERSAL PORTRAIT GALL-ERY.

AiicuDEAtox Sinclaie's Study.

THE VEN. ARCHDEACON SINCLAIR.

Since lie became Canon of St. Paul's and Archdeacon of
London in 1889, Dr. Sinclair, who belongs to the Broad
section of the High Church School, has shown himself to
have no mean conception of his dignified and influential
office. He graduated at Balliol College, Oxford — of Avhich he
was Scholar — in 1873, and in the next year began his clerical
career as curate of Tortworth, Gloucestershire. In 1875 he
was appointed Assistant Minister at Quebec Chapel and
Evening Lecturer in Logic at King's College ; from 1877 to
1883 he was Chaplain to the Bishop of London (Dr.
Jackson), and Assistant Examining Chaplain from 1883 to
1885. In 1880 he had been presented to the vicarage of St.
Stephen's, Westminster, a charge which he held until he was
preferred to the Archdeaconry of London. Since 1893 he has
been a Chaplain-in-Ordinary to the Queen. Besides an edition
of the Psalms, giving " The Authorised Version in the Original
Rhythm," he has published "Lessons on the Gospel of St.
John " (1885), " The Servant of Christ " and " The Christian's
Influence (1892), " Christ in Our Times " (1893), and " Words
to the Laity" (1894).

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Photo: Martin Gr Sallnow, Strand, IV.C.

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442 UNIVERSAL PORTRAIT GALLERY.

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Kill

A Paeis Steeet: The Avenue de l'Opeea.

M. LUDOVIC HALEVY.

The French dramatist and novelist, who was born in Paris in
1834, son of Leon Halevy, the litterateur, and educated at
the Lycee Louis le Grand, began his career as a Government
official, and in 1861 was appointed Secretary to the Corps
Legislatif. His success in dramatic composition, however,
led him to resign his post, a step which, we may be sure,
he has never regretted. He had already (in 1860) entered
into collaboration with M. Henri Meilhac, in conjunction
with whom he wrote the librettos to the most popular
of Offenbach's comic operas. Other productions of the same
memorable partnership, in comedy and farce, are Frou-Frow
(1870), so familiar in this country from English adaptations,
as well as from the performances of Madame Sarah Bern-
hardt, Tricoche et Cacolet (1872), and Le Mari de la Debutante
(1879). M. Halevy has also won his spurs as a novelist,
among his productions in this kind being "Madame and
Monsieur Cardinal" (1873), "L'Abb^ Constantin" (1882), and
" Princesse " (1886), besides a collection of stories entitled
" Kari-Kari " (1892). An abundant entrance to the Academy
was ministered unto him some years ago.

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^'^-

444

UNIVERSAL PORTRAIT GALLERY.

A Bit of Haeeow.

MRS. BESANT.

Mrs. Besant's brilliant gifts have long been recognised by
those who have no sort of sympathy with any of the mental
phases through which she passed from the time when she
renounced Anglicanism until she embraced Theosophy. To
fluency and grace of speech, with singular readiness and
resourcefulness in debate, she adds the pen of a ready writer,
and no small capacity for organisation and management.
Never have her talents found more admirable exercise than
during her three years' membership of the London School
Board. Her services in this kind were recognised by her
fellow-members without distinction of party, and great was the
disappointment when it was found that in her zeal for the
Theosophical propaganda she had decided not to offer herself
for re-election. Mrs. Besant was born in London on the 1st
of October, 1847, of Irish parents, but her early years were
spent at Harrow, as she has told us in one of the most
interesting sections of her autobiography. It was in 1889
that she abandoned Secularism for Theosophy, and since then
she has compassed sea and land to make proselytes.

Photo : Talma, Melbourne.

^TU <UL\J2^

CUyiyX.

446

UNIVERSAL PORTS AIT GALLERY.

MR. THOMAS BROCK, R.A.

This eminent sculptor is a native of Worcester, and was born
in 1847. Having passed through the Governnient School of

l^esign in that city, he con-
tinued his studies at the
School of the Royal Acad-
emy, where he carried oft'
the highest honours. He
then entered the studio of
the late John Henry Foley,
first as a pupil, afterwards
as an assistant. On his
master's death he was en-
trusted with the completion •
of some important works,
one of them beinsf the
O'Connell Monument in
Dublin.* Among Mr. Brock's
portrait statues and busts
may be named his Richard
Baxter, Robert Raikes, Sir
Rowland Hill, Sir Richard
Temple, Sir Erasmus Wilson,
and the poet Longfellow (in
Westminster Abbey). His
ideal works include '• Sal-
macis," " Hercules Strang-
ling Antaeus," statuettes of
Paris and (Enone, a large
equestrian group, entitled
" A Moment of Peril," purchased for the nation by the Royal
Academy, and " The Genius of Poetry." Mr. Brock became an
A.R.A. in 1883, and a Royal Academician in 1891.

■■'■ See ante, p. 356.

448 UNIVEESAL PORTRAIT GALLERY.

Photo: A. A. liiglis, Edinburgh.

Edinbuegh, from the Castle Hill.

SIR ARCHIBALD GEIKIE.

The Director-General of the Geological Survey of the United
Kingdom, born at Edinburgh in 1835, was educated at the
High School and the University, studying geology under
Sir Roderick Murchison, of whom he was afterwards to write
a memoir. His connection with the Geological Survey began
in 1855, and in 1867 he was appointed Director for Scot-
land. Three years later he was nominated by Sir Roderick
Murchison as first Professor of Geology and Mineralogy at
Edinburgh, and in 1881 he succeeded Sir Andrew Ramsay as
the head of the Geological Survey of the United Kingdom.
He has been Foreign Secretary of the Royal Society and
President of the Geological Society and of the British Asso-
ciation, is a Corresponding Member of the French Institute,
of the Berlin Academy, and of other foreign scientific societies,
has received an LL.D. from St. Andrew's and from Edinburgh,
and a D.Sc. from Cambridge and Dublin, has been awarded
the Murchison Medal of the Geological Society and the
McDougal Brisbane Medal of the Royal Society of Edinburgh,
and was knighted in 1891. Sir Archibald is the author of
many works on geology.

■i3^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^l

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P/ioto : Werner &• Son^ Dublin.

%i^c^ /y ''

460 UNIVERSAL PORTRAIT GALLERY.

A Russian Chaeqe at Plevxa.

MR ARCHIBALD FORBES.

The greatest achievements of this prince of war corre-
spondents were the brilliant descriptions which, at great
personal risk, he sent to the Daily News of the crossing of
the Danube and of the battles round Plevna and the Shipka,
Pass in the Russo-Turkish War, and his famous ride of a,
hundred and ten miles through a trackless country to tele-
graph the news of the victory at Ulundi. He was bom in
Morayshire in 1838, the son of a Presbyterian minister, and
educated at Aberdeen University. For some time he served
as a private in the Royal Dragoons, and so acquired much of
the practical and detailed knoAvledge of things military which
he has turned to such, admirable account. His first com-
mission as war correspondent came from the Morning
Advertiser at the beginning of the Franco-German War, but
he soon transferred his services to the Daily News, which he
continued to represent until broken health compelled him to
abandon a vocation which makes such exacting demands
upon those who follow it. Of late years Mr. Forbes has
given up much of his time to lecturing, and has recounted
his stirring experiences to large audiences in Australia and
America, as well as in Great Britain.

Photo: II. S. Mtndelsiohn , remhrid^e Crescent, /f.

^^c^/UUy

c^t^v%^

452

UNIVERSAL PORTRAIT GALLERY.

COPENHAQKN.

THE KING OF DENMARK.

Born on the 8th of April, 1818, son of William, Duke of
Schleswig - Holstein - Sonderburg - Gliicksberg, and of Princess
Louise of Hesse-Cassel, His Majesty King Christian IX.
ascended the throne of Denmark in 1863. During his reign
of upwards of thirty years he has had more than an average
share of the troubles and anxieties which are the heritage
of princes ; and more than once he may well have looked
back regretfully to the days when, as Inspector-General and
Commander-in-Chief of the Danish Cavalry, he occupied a
position of greater freedom and less responsibility. Hardly
had he ascended the throne than the Duchies of Schleswig-
Holstein, under the Duke of Augustenberg, and with the
support of Prussia and Austria, rose in revolt, and under the
Treaty of Vienna he had to renounce both the Duchies, and
also Lauenberg. His Majesty then set himself patiently to
develop the internal resources of his dismembered country;
and in 1866 he conceded to his subjects a more liberal
constitution. His marriage with the Princess Louise of
Hesse-Cassel was celebrated on the 26th of May, 1842. (See
page 404.)

^^^H^P^^^^^

^^^^^^Z^v^^

/»A«io; J/ansen &■ IVeUer, Coptnhagen.

454

UNIVERSAL PORTRAIT GALLERY.

THE REV. PROFESSOR DRIVER

This learned Hebraist and lucid exponent of the Higher
Criticism was born at Southampton in 1846, and educated

at Winchester and at New
College, Oxford, where, hav-
ing been elected Scholar in
1865, he graduated with
first-class honours in Literal
Humaniores in 1869. He
became Fellow of his Col-
lege in 1870, and Tutor in
1875, and held the two
offices until in 1882 he
succeeded Dr. Pusey as
Regius Professor of Hebrew
in the University, and
Canon of Christchurch.
Five years before this his
reputation as a Semitic
scholar had led to his ap-
pointment as a member of
the Old Testament Revision
Company. Professor Driver
is the author of many works
on subjects relating to He-
brew scholarship and Bib-
lical criticism, among them
an "Introduction to the
Literature of the Old Testa-
ment," which, published in
1891, went into a fourth
edition in 1893, a treatise entitled " Isaiah : his Life and
Times, and the Writings which Bear his Name," and a
Critical and Exegetical Commentary on Deuteronomy.

A Corner of the Quadrangle of Winchester
College.

Photo: lyeriier &• Son, Diidtin.

456

UNIVERSAL PORTIiAIT GALLEEY.

Magdalen College, fkom the Cheewell.

SIR JOHN STAINER.

The Oxford Professor of Music was born in 1840, and at the
age of seven joined the choir of St. Paul's Cathedral. At
sixteen he became organist at St, Michael's College, Tenbury,.
under Sir Frederick Gore-Ouseley. Three years later ho
was appointed organist to Magdalen College, Oxford, and
quickly trained his choir to an efficiency unequalled in the
University. While at Oxford he took the degrees of Mus.
Bac. (1859), B.A. (1863), Mus. Doc. (1865), and M.A. (1866).
His next appointment was to the post of University organist,
which he conabined with his office at Magdalen ; then
in 1872 he became organist of St. Paul's, where he re-
mained for some sixteen years. He was knighted in 1888,
and in the following year succeeded Sir Frederick Gore-
Ouseley in the Oxford Professorship. One of the greatest
organists of his generation, and a composer of Church music,
etc.. Sir John is also an accomplished master of musical
science, and has written extensively on harmony, composition,
and kindred subjects. In 1885 he received an honorary Mus.
Doc. from the University of Durham, and in 1893 was elected
an honorary Fellow of Magdalen.

Pholo: Hilts &■ Saunders, Oxford.

458

UNIVERSAL PORTRAIT GALLERY.

i-hoto : Guy & Co.

COEK.

MR. JUSTIN McCarthy.

For one who has played so prominent a part in politics, the
successor of Mr. Parnell has turned out a surprising anioiint
of literary work. As he has himself said, hterature is his
choice, politics his necessity. His " History of Our Own
Times " is but one among several historical productions ; he
has also written a long list of novels, all of them marked by
felicitous dialogue, and displaying a fertile creative power,
especially in characters of the eccentric type. Mr. McCarthy
was born at Cork in 1830, and it was in this city that he
served his apprenticeship to journalism. In 1860 he joined
the reporting staff of the London Morning Star, and was
appointed editor of the paper in 1864, afterwards becoming
a leader writer on the Daily News. His entrance to Par-
liament dates from 1879, when he was returned for Longford,
which several times re-elected him. In 1886 he won London-
derry from the Unionists, but was defeated in 1892, and became
the elect of North Longford. A man of great geniality and charm,
and an accomplished scholar, Mr. McCarthy has been a moderat-
ing influence in Irish politics, and few prominent politicians are
so free from any suspicion of undue personal ambition.

Photo : Elliott <fr Fry, Baker Street, W.

A^st^ At (^a^^

460 UNIVERSAL PORTRAIT GALLERY.

LADY DILKE.

The author of " The Renaissance of Art in France" is
daughter of the late Major Strong, of the Madras Army.
Her marriage with the Rev. Mark Pattison, the Rector of
Lincoln College, Oxford, was celebrated in 1862 ; and in 1885,
Mr. Pattison having died in the preceding year, she became
the wife of Sir Charles Dilke, who had been a widower since
1874. She has long been known to fame as a contributor to
the higher journalism and to literature. For some years she
wrote for the Westminster Review and the Saturday Review ;
afterwards she was fine-art critic of the Academy; then, in
1879, she published, in two volumes, her work on the French
Renaissance, the first complete account that had appeared, to
quote the Athenceum., "of one of the most important, and at
the same time most difficult, periods in the history of French
art. . . . No reader," it was added, " will lay down the Avork,
carefully thought out and attractively written, without a
feeling of satisfaction ; and there is probably no man in this
special branch of art who would not have been glad to have
written such a work." In 1884 came a monograph on
Claude Lorraine, written in French, and this has been followed
by "The Shrine of Death," "Art in the Modern State," and
" The Shrine of Love." But Lady Dilke's sympathy with Sir
Charles's pursuits has not been without its influence on her
intellectual life, which is now largely concerned with the
amelioration of the lot of women workers in factories and
elsewhere.

Photo : London Sttrtosccpic Company.

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462

UNIVERSAL PORTRAIT GALLERY.

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Studio of Mb. Heekomee.

PROFESSOR HERKOMER, R.A.

Though German by birth and parentage, Mr. Herkomer is
English by training. He was born in 1849, at Waal, in
Bavaria, son of Lorenzo Herkomer, a wood carver of con-
siderable skill, who in 1851 emigrated to America, and six
years afterwards settled at Southampton. Here it was that
his son Hubert began the study of art, continued later at
South Kensington. His illustrations for an Erckmann-
Chatrian novel, which ran through Gornhill in 1871, were
greatly admired ; his first popular success as a painter was
with "The Last Muster," hung at Burlington House in 1875,
and three years later exhibited in Paris, where it was
awarded one of the two Grand Medals of Honour. In
1879 he became an A.RA., in 1885 Slade Professor of Fine
Art at Oxford, and in 1890 R.A. ; he is also a member of
many Continental Academies, including the Imperial Academy
of Vienna, and an Officer of the Legion of Honour. The
Art School at Bushey, Herts, was founded and is super-,
intended by him, and at its theatre his musical and pictorial
plays have been produced.

Photo; Harold Baker, Birmingha<n.

lf^,,iJl34A/irH^(^>^Cir^^

464

UNIVERSAL PORTRAIT GALLERY.

Distant View of Chesteb.

SIR ROBERT BALL.

The Professor of Astronomy and Geometry at Cambridge is'
an Irishman, blessed in abundant measure with the bonhomie
of his race. He was born at Dublin on the 1st of July,
1840, son of the late Robert Ball, LL.D., the naturalist; was
educated at Chester and at Leamington under Dr. Brindley, and
at Trinity College, Dublin; and has been successively Lord
Rosse's Astronomer at Parsonstown, Professor of Applied
Mathematics and Mechanism at the Royal College of Science
for Ireland, Andrews Professor of Astronomy in the University
of Dublin, and Royal Astronomer for Ireland, resigning this
post in 1892 in order to accept the Cambridge Professorship.
How lucidly and entertainingly he can lecture may be seen
from his " Star-land," made up of Christmas talks with young
people at the Royal Institution of Great Britain. Among his
other works are the popular " Story of the Heavens," " Time
and Tide," and " Theory of Screws," an ingenious piece of
reasoning which gave rise to much discussion, and has been
translated into German. He has received the Gold Medal of
the Royal Irish Academy, has been a Fellow of the Royal
Society since 1873, and was knighted in 1886.

466

UNIVERSAL PORTRAIT GALLERY.

V^'^ffi^Kjilk

The Qxjadeangle, Eton College.

LORD FARRER.

The London County Council is under no small debt to this
distinguished ex-Civil servant for his public spirit in placing-
his abilities and experience at its service. He was elected an
Alderman for the full term of six years on the formation of
the Council in 1889, and was re-elected in 1895. On the
whole his sympathies have been with the policy of the Pro-
gressives, but he has consistently shown himself superior to
mere party considerations, and has upon occasion given
counsels of moderation which have won for him the con-
fidence of his colleagues of all sections. He has rendered
admirable service on the Water Supply and other Committees,
and for some time held the office of Vice-Chairman of the
Council. Lord Farrer was born on the 24th of June, 1819,
was educated at Eton and at Balliol College, Oxford (where
he graduated B.A. in 1841), and was called to the Bar, but
entered the Civil Service, and for many years was Permanent
Secretary to the Board of Trade. In 1883 he was honoured
with a baronetcy ; his elevation to the peerage dates from 1893.
He is still one of our leading fiscal authorities.

UNIVERSAL PORTRAIT GALLERY.

Photo: Lawrence, Diti/ii;.

A Bit of Dublin.

DR. SALMON.

The Provost of Trinity College, Dublin, is famous not, only as
a learned divine, but also as a brilliant mathematician. He
graduated at Trinity as Senior Moderator in Mathematics,
has written works on " Conic Sections," " The Higher Plane
Curves," " The Geometry of Three Dimensions," etc., which
have been translated into several Continental tongues, was
President of the Mathematical and Physical Science Section
of the British Association at the Dublin meeting in 1878,
has received the Royal and Copley Medals of the Royal
Society, and the Conyngham Medal of the Royal Irish
Academy, and is a member of many learned societies, in-
cluding the French Institute and the Royal Academies of
Science at Berlin, Gottingen, and Copenhagen. Among his
theological works, all of them marked by vigorous reasoning
and masterly grasp, are an Introduction to the New Testa-
ment (1885), and a Treatise on the Infallibility of the Church
(1888). Dr. Salmon was bom in Dublin in 1819, was suc-
cessively Scholar and Fellow of Trinity College, Dublin, and
held the Regius Professorship of Divinity there from 1866
until in 1888 he was appointed Provost.

Photo : IVerner &■ Son. Dublin.

470

UNIVERSAL PORTRAIT GALLERY.

Pbincipai. Feont of Stonyhtiest College.

Mil. CONAN DOYLE.

The creator of Sherlock Holmes is a grandson of John
Doyld, the caricaturist, and was born at Edinburgh in 1859,
and educated first at Stonyhurst, the famous Jesuit College
in Lancashire, and afterwards in Germany. He then entered
himself as a medical student at Edinburgh University, and
for some years was in practice at Southsea. At Stony-
hurst his literary gift found exercise in the production of a
school magazine ; in his twentieth year he contributed to
Chambers s Journal a story called " The Mystery of the
Sassassa Valley." His first success as a novelist, " Micah
Clarke," was followed by " The Sign of Four," and this by
" The White Company," which was received with so much
favour that its author felt himself justified in abandoning
medicine for literature. Then came the " Sherlock Holmes "
stories, which placed him in the front rank of our popular
authors, and " The Refugees," perhaps the best novel he
has yet produced. A later work, entitled " Round the Red
Lamp," is a gruesome collection of medical tales, relieved,
however, by the moving and altogether admirable story of
Waterloo, which he has with rare skill dramatised for Sir
Henry Irving.

J>hote. hlliott &■ Fry. Baktr Street, W,

cn^ct-o

472 UNIVERSAL PORTRAIT GALLERY.

MRS. MILLICENT GARRETT FAWCETT.

The widow of the blind Postmaster-General and Professor of
Political Economy, to whom she was married in 1867, has
ample claims of her own to distinction. A lucid writer on
economics as Avell as on general subjects, and a speaker of
unusual grace and charm, she has for years been one of the
leaders of the movements for the higher education and
political enfranchisement of women. In 1889 she became
President of the Women's Liberal Unionist Association. She
has also taken an active part in the work of the National
Vigilance Association, especially in connection with the
suppression of child marriage in India. Her profound
sympathy with the women of our Eastern dependency has
taken practical form in the founding of a scholarship for
their benefit — an act of generosity in which she had the co-
operation of her daughter, Miss Philippa Fawcett, who was
placed " above the Senior Wrangler " at Cambridge in 1890.
Mrs. Fawcett contributed the article on Communism to the
ninth edition of the "Encyclopaedia Britannica," and in
addition to her books on Political Economy has written a
novel under the title of " Janet Doncaster," and a Life
of the Queen. We can only add that she was born at
Aldeburgh — the little Suffolk town associated with the poet
Crabbe — in 1847, and that one of her sisters is Mrs. Garrett
Anderson, M.D.

Photo: IValery, Lim,, Regent Street, IK

A. ^v^J^JcaaJTH*^*^**^^

474 UNIVERSAL PORTRAIT GALLERY.

Photo: FrJh &■ Co., Reigate.

The Nave, Noewich Cathedeal.

THE DEAN OF NORWICH.

Dr. Lefroy, one of the most eloquent of the Evangelical
clergy, is, like so many other orators of the Anglican Church,
an Irishman, and a graduate of Trinity College, Dublin. He
was ordained in 1864, and in that year was appointed Curate
of Christ Church, Cork. From 1866 to 1889 he was per-
petual curate of St. Andrew's, Liverpool, -honorary canon of
Liverpool from 1880 to 1887, rural dean of South Liverpool
from 1884 to 1887, and Archdeacon of Warrington from 1887
until in 1889 he was preferred to the Deanery of Norwich
as successor to Dr. Goulburn, remarkable as, with the single
exception of Dr. Prideaux, the first of the Norwich deans
who had any reputation as a man of learning, and still
more deserving of honour for his vigorous and persistent
exertions for the renovation of the cathedral. Dr. Lefroy, Avho
was Donnellan Lecturer at his College in 1887-88, has made
his mark not only as a preacher, but also as an author. The
first of his books, "A Plea for the Old Catholic Movement,"
was published in 1875 ; among the more recent of them is
" Echoes from the Choir of Norwich Cathedral " (1894).

476

UNIVERSAL PORTRAIT GALLERY.

Fhoto : Poulioii &• Sons, Lee.

St. Stephen's Geeen, Dublin.

LORD ASHBOUENE.

The Lord Chancellor of Ireland is the son of the late
William Gibson, of Rockforest, Tipperary, and was born in
1837. After a brilliant course at Trinity College, Dublin,
where he won the first gold medal in History, English
Literature, and Political Science, he was called to the Irish
Bar in 1860, and twelve years later took silk. In 1874 he
unsuccessfully contested Waterford, but was returned for
Dublin University in the following year, and twice re-elected.
From 1877 to 1880 he was Attorney-General for Ireland;
and when Mr. Gladstone, in the next Parliament, brought
forward his second Irish Land Bill, he was chosen to lead
the attack upon that complicated measure. On Lord
Salisbury's accession to office in 1885 his services were
rewarded with a peerage, and a seat in the Cabinet as Lord
Chancellor of Ireland ; an office to which he was re-appointed
after the Unionist victory of 1886, and again in 1895. His
lordship is the author of the Ashbourne Land Purchase Act.

Photo : Dickinson, New Bond ittnel, IK

. y4v^y^r-v<.|/a<.wi^ -i^

478 UNIVERSAL PORTRAIT GALLERY.

A Bit of Kotteedaii.

M. JOHANNES WOLFF.

M. Wolff is a native of a country which has produced few-
musical artists. He was born at The Hague in 1862, and it
was there that, when about ten years of age, he heard
Wieniawski, and was fired with the ambition to become a
great vioHnist. After a while he went to Rotterdam to study
under Professor Wirth, and won a three years' scholarship
at Dresden. Here also he distinguished himself, as later he
did at the Paris Conservatoire, which he entered at the
instance of the King of Holland, who had from the first
interested himself in his career. M. Wolff has appeared in
almost every country in Europe, as well as in America, and
has both won the applause of the populace and received
many marks of royal favour. On the occasion of his first
visit to England he had the honour of playing before the
Queen. This distinction has been more than once repeated ;
and among his souvenirs M. Woltf treasures several gifts
from Her Majesty. As the founder of the Wolff Musical
Union he has also shown himself to be a successful entre-
preneur, as well as an accompHshed viohnist.

Printed by

Cassell & CoMPANy, Limited, La Belle Sauvaoe,

LoKDOx, E.G.

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Agrarian Tenures. By the Rt. Hon. G. .Shaw Leikvre, M.P. ids. 6d.
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Arabian Nights Entertainments (Cassell's). With about 400 Illustrations. ios.6d.

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"Come, ye Children." By the Rev. Benjamin Waugh. Illustrated. 3s. 6d.
Commentary, The New Testament, for English Readers. Edited by the
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Vol. I.— The Four Gospels.

Vol. II. — The Acts, Romans, Corinthians, G-alatlans.

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Commentary, The Old Testament, for English Readers. Edited by the Rt.

Rev. C. J. Ellicott, D.D., Lord Bishop of Gloucester and Bristol. Complete in

5 Vols. 2 IS. each.
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Dictionary of Religion, The. An Encyclopaedia of Christian and other
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Dord Bible. With 230 Illustrations by Gustave DoRfi. Original Edition.
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Early Days of Christianity, The. By the Very Rev. Dean Farrar, D.D., F.R.S.
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St. John. 3s. 6d.

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Titus, Philemon, Hebrews,

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"Graven in the Rock ;" or, the Historical Accuracy of the Bible confirmed by
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My Father. By the Right Rey. Ashtcn Oxenden,

late Bishop of MontreaL
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Bishop of Ripon.
My Work for God. By the Right Rev. Bishop

Cotterill.
My Object in Ijife. By the Ven. Archdeacon

Farrar, D.D.
My Aspirations. By the Rev. G. Matheson, D.D.
My Emotional Life. By Preb. Chadwick, D.D
My Body. By the Rev. Prof. W. G. Blaikie, D.D.

My Soul. By the Rev. P. B. Power, M. A.

My Growth in Divine Life. By the Rev.

Prebendary Reynolils, M.A.
My Hereafter. By the Very Rev. Dean Bicker-

steth.
My Walk with Ood. By the Very Rev. Dean

Montgomery.
My Aids to the Divine Life. By the Very

Rev. Dean Boyle.
My Sovirces of Strengrth. By the Rev. E. E.

Jenkins, M.A.

Creation. By Harvey Goodwin, D.D., late

Lord Bishop of Carlisle.
Miracles. By the Rev. Brownlow Mait-

land, M.A.
Prayer. By the Bev. T. Teignmouth Shore,

M.A.

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" — - - - THE MORALITY OF THE OLD TESTAMENT. By

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THE DIVINITY OF OUR LORD. By the Lord
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The Atonement. By William Connor
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Holy Land and the Bible, The. A Book of Scripture Illustrations gathered
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Morning and Evening Prayers for Workhouses and other Institutions.

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Moses and Geology; or, the Harmony of the Bible with Science. By

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New Light on the Bible and the Holy Land. By Basil T. A. Evetts, M.A.

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Old and New Testaments, Plain Introductions to the Books of the. Con-
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the Rinht Rev. C. J. Kllicott, D.D., Lord Bishop of Glouct-.ster and Bristol. 35.60.
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Shall We Know One Another in Heaven ? By the Rt. Rev. J. C. Ryle, D.D..

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Chemistry, The PuhUc SchooL By J. H. Anderson, M.A. 2s. 6d.

Cookery for Schools. By Lizzie Heritage. 6d.

Dulce Domum. Rhymes and Son^s for Children. Edited by John Farmer,

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the Songs in "Dulce Domum" (with the Airs both in Tonic Sol-Fa and Old Notation)

can be had in Two Parts, 6d. each.
EngUsh Literature. A First Sketch of, from the Earliest Period to the Present

Time. Bv Prof Henry Mokl^y. 7s. 6d.
Euclid, CasseU's. Edited by Prof. Wallace, M.A. is.
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French, CasseU's Lessons in. New and Revised Edition. Parts I. and II., each,

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French-English and English-French Dictionary. Entirely New and Enlarged

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French Reader, CasseU's Public School. By Guillaume S. Conrad. 2s. 6d.
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Geometry, First Elements of Experimental. By Paul Bert. Illustrated, is. 6d.

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German Dictionary, CasseU's New. German-English, English- German. Cheap

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German Reading, First Lessons in. By A. Jagst. Illustrated, is.

Hand and Eye Training. By George Ricks, B.Sc, and Joseph Vaughan.

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ItaUan Lessons, with Exercises, CasseU's. In One Vol. 3s. 6d.

Kidnapped. By Robert Louis Stevenson. Illustrated. 6s.

Latin Dictionary, CasseU's New. (Latin-English and Engjlish-Latin.) Revised

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Latin Primer, The New. By Prof. J. P. Postgate. 2s. 6d.
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Laws of Every-Day Life. For the Use of Schools. By H. O. Arnold-Forster,
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Lessons in Our Laws ; or, Talks at Broadacre Farm. By H. F. Lester, B.A.
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Little Folks' History of England. By Isa Craig-Knox. Illustrated, is. 6d.
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Marlborough Books : — Arithmetic Examples, -^s. French Exercises 3s. (A. French
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Mechanics for Young Beginners, A First Book of. By the Rev. J. G. Easton,
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Mechanics and Machine Design, Numerical Examples in FracticaL By

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Natural History Coloured Wzill Sheets, Cassell's New. Consisting of 17

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Object Lessons from Nature. By Prof. L. C. Mtall, F.L.S.. F.G.S. Fully

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Physiology for Schools. By Alfred T. Schofield, M.D., M.R.C.S., &c.

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Poetry Readers, Cassell's Nfew. Illustrated. 12 Books, id. each. Cloth, is. 6d.

Popular Educator, Cassell's New. With Revised Text, New Maps, New Coloured
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Readers, Cassell's "Belle Sauvage." An Entirely New Series. Fully Illus-
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Reader, The Citizen. By H. O. Arnold-Forster, M.P. Cloth, is. 6d. ; also a
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Reader, The Temperance. By Rev. J. Dennis Hird. is. 6d.
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Round the Empire. By G. R. Parkin. With a Preface by the Rt. Hon. the

Karl of Rosebery, K.G. Fully Illustrated, is. 6d.
Science Applied to Work. By J. A. Bovver. Illustrated, is.
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"Little Folks" Half-Yeaxly Volume. Containing 432 pages of Letterpress, with

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The Bo.v Hunters of Kentucky. By

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Ked Feather: a Tale of the American

Frontier. By Edward S. Ellis.
Fritters: or, "It's a Long Lane that haa

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Trixy; or, "Those who Live in Glass

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The Two Hardcastles.
Seeking a City.
Rhoda's Reward.

JaoK Marston's Anchor.

Frank's Life-Battle.

Major Monk's Motto; or, "Look Befor*

you Leap."
Tim Thomson's Trial; or, " All is not Qold

that Glitters."
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Ra;^B and Rainbows.
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' Nil Desperandum." By the Rev. F. Lang-
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In Letters of Flame : A Story of the

Waldenses. By C. L. Mat^aux.
Strong to Suffer: A Story of the Jews. By

E. Wvnne.

By Fire and Sword: A Story of the Hugu*-

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Bambles Round London. By C. L,
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Around and About Old EnglancL By C
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Deoisive Events in History. By Thomas
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Wanted— a King; or. How Merle set the
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Wild Adventures in Wild Places. By Dr.
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Tad; or " Getting Even " with Him. By
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" follow my Leader."

For Fortune and Glory.

Lost among White Africans.
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The Hunters of the Ozark.

Tne Camp iu the Moun-
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Ned in the Woods. A Tale
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Down the Mississippi. I

The Last War TraU.
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Footprints in the Forest.
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Ned in the Block House.

A Story of Pioneer Life in

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The Smuggler's Cave.
Little Lizzie.
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Luke Barnicott.

Little Bird.
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iMy First Cruise.
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Bright Stars.
Nursery Joys.
Pet's Posy.
Tiny Tales.

Daisy's Story Book.
Dot's Story Booix.
A Nest of Stories.
Good Night Stories.
Chats for Small Chatterers.

Auntie's Stories.
Birdie's Story Book.
Little Chimes.
A Sheaf of Tales.
Dewdrop Stories.

Illustrated Books lor the Little Ones. Containing interesting Stories. All

Illustrated, is. each; or cloth gilt, is. 5d.

Bible Pictures for Boys

and Girls.
Firelight Stories.
Sunlight and Shade.
Rub-a-dub Tales.
Fine Feathers and Floiiy

Fur.
Scrambles and Scrapes.
Tittle Tattle Tales.
Dumb Friends.
Indoora and Out.
Some Farm Friends.

Bright Tales and Funny

Pictures.
Merry Little Tales.
Little Tales for Little

People.
Iiittle People and Their

Pets.
Tales Told for Sunday.
Sunday Stories for SniaU

People.
Stories and Pictures for

Sunday.

Those Golden Sands.
Little Mothers and their

Children.
Otir Pretty Pets.
Our Schoolday Hours.
Creatures Tame.
Creatures Wild.
Up and Down the Garden.
All Sorts ot Adventures.
Our Sunday Stories.
Our HoUday Hours.
Wandering Ways.

Shilling Story Books. All Illustrated, and containing Interesting Stories.

Seventeen Cats.
Bunty and the Boys.
The Heir of Elmdale.
The Mystery at ShoncllfF

School.
Claimed at Last, and Roy's

Reward.
Thorns and Tangles.

The Cuckoo in the Robin's
John's Mistake. iNest.

Diamonds in the Sand.
Surly Bob.
The History of Five Little

Pitchers.
The Giant's Cradle.
Shag and Doll.

Aunt Lucia's Locket.
The Magic Mirror.
The Cost of Revenge.
Clever Frank.
Among the Redskins.
The Ferryman of Bi-ill.
Harry Maxwell.
A iianished Mouaroh.

Selections from Cassell <k Company's Publications.

Eighteenpenny Story Books. All Illustrated throughout

Raggles, Baggies, and the

Emperor.
Roses from Thorns.
Faith's Father.
By Land and Sea.
The Young Berringtous.
Jeff and Leff.

■Wee Willie Winkie.
TTps and Downs of a Don-
key's Life.
Three Wee UTster Lassies.
TTp the Ladder.
Dick's Hero; & other Stories.
The Chip Boy.

Tom Morris's Error.

Worth more than Q-old.

" Through Flood-Through

Fire."
The Girl with the Oolden

Locks.
Stories of the Olden Tim^

The "Little Folks"
Book. Cloth only, 3S.

Proverb Fainting

"Little Folks" Painting Books. With Text, and Outline Illustrations for

Water-Colour Painting.
The New "Little Folks" Painting Book.

Containing nearly 350 Out ine Illustrations

suitable for Colourinjj. is.

Library oJ Wonders. Illustrated Gift-books for Boys. Cloth, is. 6d.

Wonderful Adventures. I Wonders of Animal Instinct.

Wonderful Escapes. I Wonderful Balloon Ascents.

W^onders of Bodily Strength and Skill.

The "World in Pictures" Series. Illustrated throughout. Cheap Edition, is. 6d. each.

A Ramble Round France.

All the Russias.

Chats about Q-erraany.

Peeps into China.

The Land of Pyramids (Egypt).

The Eastern Wonderland (Japan).
Glimpses of South America.
Round Africa.

The Land of Temples (India).
The Isles of the Pacific.

Cheap Editions of Popular Volumes for Young People

each.
In Quest of Gold ; or. Under 1 Esther West.

B^rf ^^'■^^^EfmelaMa ■ or I '^^''^^ Homes.
° MarU-a Lligh'sLog. ' ' I For Queen and King,

Two-Shilling Story Books.

Margaret's Enemy.
Stories of the Tower.
Mr. Burke's Niecos.

Illustrated, as. 6d.

Working to Win.
Perils Afloat and Brigands
Ashore.

May Cunningham's Trial.
The Top of the Ladder:

How to Reach it.
Little Flotsam.

Half-crown Story Books.

Pen's Perplexities.
Notable Snipwrecks.

Cassell's Pictorial Scrap Book.

cloth back, 3s. 6d. per Vol.
Our Scrap Book.
The Seaside Scrap Book,
'ihe Little Folks' Scrap Book.

All Illustrated.
Madge and her Friends.
The Children of the Court.
Maid Marjory.
The Four Cats of the Tip-

pertons.
Marion's Two Homes.
Little Folks' Sunday Book.

Two Fourpenny Bits.

Poor Nelly.

Tom Heriot.

Aunt Tabitha's Waifs,

In Misoliiet Again.

Through Peril to Fortune.

Peggy, and other Tales.

At the South Pole.

Pictures of School Life and Boyhood.

In Six Sectional Volumes. Paper boards,

The Magpie Scrap Book.
The Lion Scrap Book.
The Elephant Scrap Book.

Books for the Little Ones.

Rhymes for the Young Folk. By 'Williain
Allingham. Beautifully Illustrated. 3s. 6d.

The Sunday Scrap Book. With Several
Hundred Illustrations. Boards. 3s. 6d. ; cloth,
gilt edges, 5s.

The History Scrap Book. With nearly
j.ooo Engravings. Cloth, 7s. 6d.

Fully Illustrated

Cassell's

Robinson Crusoe. With too
Ilustrations. Cloth, 3s. 6d. ; gilt edges, ss.

The Old Fairy Tales. With Original Illus-
trations. Boards, is. ; cloth, is. 6d.

Cassell's Swiss Family Robinson, Illus-
trated. Cloth, 3s. 6d. ; gilt edges, ss.

The World's Workers. A Series cf New and Original Volumes by Popular
Authors. Witn Portraits printed on a tint as Frontispiece, is each.

John Cassell. By G. Holden Pike.
Charles Haddon Spurgeo.i. By G. Holden

Pike.
Dr. Arnold of Rugby. By Rose E. Selfe.
The Earl of Shaftesbury.
Sarah Robinson, Agnes Weston, and Mrs.

Meredith.
Thomas A. Edison and Samuel P. B. Morse.
Mrs. Somerville and Mary Carpenter.
General Gordon.
Charles Dickens.
B'lorenee Nightingale, Catherine Marsh,

Frances Ridley Havergal, Mrs. Rau-

yardC'L. N. R.").

Dr. Guthrie, Father. Mathew, Elihu Bur-
rut, Joseph Livesey.

Sir Henry Havelock and Colin Campbell
Lord Clyde.

Abraham Lincoln.

David Livingstone.

George Muller and Andrew Reed.

Richard Cobden.

Benjamin Franklin.

Handel.

Turner the Artist.

George and Robert Stephenson.

Sir Ihtus Salt and George Moore.

•.• Tht abnt H-'ortscan also be had Thrte in One yol..cto:h. gilt tdjes.y.

CASSELL

d; COMPANY, Ltnntea, Liuti^ati I/til, London;
/arts <k Melbourne.

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